JAVA Socket Programming

Source: by Joonbok Lee, KAIST, 2003

 What is a socket?
• Socket
– The combination of an IP address and a port number.
– The name of the Berkeley-derived application programming
interfaces (APIs) for applications using TCP/IP protocols.
– Two types
• Stream socket : reliable two-way connected communication streams
• Datagram socket

• Socket pair
– Specified the two end points that uniquely identifies each TCP
connection in an internet.
– 4-tuple: (client IP address, client port number, server IP address,
server port number)
 Sockets for server and client
• Server
– Welcoming socket
• Welcomes some initial contact from a client.
– Connection socket
• Is created at initial contact of client.
• New socket that is dedicated to the particular client.

• Client
– Client socket
• Initiate a TCP connection to the server by creating a socket
object. (Three-way handshake)
• Specify the address of the server process, namely, the IP
address of the server and the port number of the process.
 Socket functional calls
• socket (): Create a socket
• bind(): bind a socket to a local IP address and port #
• listen(): passively waiting for connections
• connect(): initiating connection to another socket
• accept(): accept a new connection
• Write(): write data to a socket
• Read(): read data from a socket
• sendto(): send a datagram to another UDP socket
• recvfrom(): read a datagram from a UDP socket
• close(): close a socket (tear down the connection)
Sockets
 Socket-programming using TCP

socket( )
socket( ) bind( ) server
listen( )
client bind( )
connect( ) TCP conn. request
accept( )
send( ) TCP ACK
recv( )

recv( )
send( )
close( ) close( )

controlled by
application process
process
developer socket
socket
controlled by TCP with
TCP with
operating buffers, internet
system buffers,
variables
variables
 Socket programming with TCP
keyboard monitor

Example client-server app:

• client reads line from standard

inFromUser
input
input (inFromUser stream) , stream

sends to server via socket Client

Process Input stream:
(outToServer stream) process sequence of bytes
• server reads line from socket output stream: into process
• server converts line to sequence of bytes
uppercase, sends back to client out of process

inFromServer
outToServer
• client reads, prints modified output
stream
input
stream
line from socket
(inFromServer stream) client TCP
clientSocket
socket TCP
socket

to network from network

Client/server socket interaction: TCP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()

TCP create socket,

wait for incoming
connection request connection setup connect to hostid, port=x
connectionSocket = clientSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept() Socket()

send request using

read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket

write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
Socket Programming with UDP
• UDP
– Connectionless and unreliable service.
– There isn’t an initial handshaking phase.
– Doesn’t have a pipe.
– transmitted data may be received out of order, or lost

• Socket Programming with UDP

– No need for a welcoming socket.
– No streams are attached to the sockets.
– the sending hosts creates “packets” by attaching the IP destination
address and port number to each batch of bytes.
– The receiving process must unravel to received packet to obtain the
packet’s information bytes.
Example: Java client (UDP)
keyboard monitor

inFromUser
input
stream

Client
Process
Input: receives
process
packet (UDP
received “byte
Output: sends
stream”)
packet (UDP sent

receivePacket
sendPacket
“byte stream”) UDP UDP
packet packet

client UDP
clientSocket
socket UDP
socket

to network from network

Client/server socket interaction: UDP
Server (running on hostid) Client

create socket, create socket,

port=x, for clientSocket =
incoming request: DatagramSocket()
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Create, address (hostid, port=x,
send datagram request
using clientSocket
read request from
serverSocket

write reply to
serverSocket
specifying client read reply from
host address, clientSocket
port umber close
clientSocket
 Concurrent server
• Servers need to handle a new connection
request while processing previous requests.
– Most TCP servers are designed to be concurrent.
• When a new connection request arrives at a
server, the server accepts and invokes a new
process to handle the new client.
 Socket programming: references

C-language tutorial (audio/slides):

• “Unix Network Programming” (J. Kurose),
http://manic.cs.umass.edu/~amldemo/courseware/intro.html

Java-tutorials:
• “All About Sockets” (Sun tutorial),
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-1996/jw-12-
sockets.html
• “Socket Programming in Java: a tutorial,”
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-1996/jw-12-
sockets.html
 More Examples

• You can download more sample

programs here:
http://www.cs.uic.edu/~troy/spring05/cs45
0/sockets/socket.html