Scribd
Upload
616 views23 pages

The Standard Normal Distribution

The standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. It follows the properties of a normal distribution including being bell-shaped and having the mean, median and mode equal. The area under the curve represents probabilities - for example, the probability of a z-value between 0 and 2 is 0.4772. The central limit theorem states that the sample mean will be normally distributed for large sample sizes (n≥30), even if the population is not normally distributed.

Uploaded by

Nors Pataytay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
616 views23 pages

The Standard Normal Distribution

The standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. It follows the properties of a normal distribution including being bell-shaped and having the mean, median and mode equal. The area under the curve represents probabilities - for example, the probability of a z-value between 0 and 2 is 0.4772. The central limit theorem states that the sample mean will be normally distributed for large sample sizes (n≥30), even if the population is not normally distributed.

Uploaded by

Nors Pataytay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

The Standard Normal

Distribution
The standard normal distribution is
a normal distribution with a mean
of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
It follows the properties of a normal
distribution, which are:
1. A normal distribution is bell shaped.
2. The mean, median, mode are equal
and are located at the center of the
distribution.
3. A normal distribution is unimodal.
4. The curve is continuous.
5. The curve never touches the x-axis
6. The total area under the normal curve
is equal to 1 or 100%.
The values under the curve indicate
the proportion of area in each section.
For example,
The area between mean and
1 standard deviation above or below
the mean is about 34.13 % or 0.3413.
All normally distributed variables
can be transformed into standard
normally distributed variable using
the formula for the standard score:

𝑥−𝜇
z=
𝜎
For next explanation see
handout
A Normal Distribution curve as a
Probability Distribution Curve
The area under the standard normal
distribution curve can also be thought of
as a probability. That is, if it were possible
to select a z value at random , the
probability of choosing one, say, between
0 and 2.00 would be the same as the
area under the curve between 0 and
2.00. In this case the area is 0.4772.
Therefore, the probability of randomly
selecting any z value between 0 and
2.00 is 0.4772.
For probabilities, a special
notation is used. For example, if
the problem is to find the
probability of say z value between
0 and 2.32, this probability is
written as P(0 < 𝑧 < 2.32)
Exercises
Find the probability for each:
1. P( 0 < z < 2.32 ) Ans: 0.4898
2. P( z < 1.65 ) Ans: 0.9505
3. P( z > 1.91 ) Ans: 0.0281
Applications
1. Each month, an American household
generates and average of 28 lbs. of
newspaper for garbage or recycling.
Assume that the standard deviation is 2
lbs. If a household is selected at
random, find the probability of its
generating
a. Between 27 and 31 lbs. per month.
b. More than 30.2 lbs. per month.
Solution for question a
1.Draw the Bell shaped figure and represent
the area:

27 28 31

z = - 0.5 z = 1.5
2. Find the two z values
𝑥−𝜇 27 −28 1
𝑧1 = = = - = - 0.5
𝜎 2 2
𝑥−𝜇 31 −28 3
𝑧2 = = = = 1.5
𝜎 2 2
3. Find the appropriate area , using a table.
The area to left of 𝑧2 is 0.9332 and the
area to the left of 𝑧1 is 0.3085. Hence the
area between 𝑧1 and 𝑧2
is 0.9332 – 0.3085=0.6247.
P (27 < x < 31) = P (0.3085 < z < 0.9332)
= 0.6247
Hence the probability that a randomly
selected household generates between 27
and 31 lbs. of newspaper per month is
62.47%
Solution for question b.
1.Draw the Bell shaped figure and
represent the area.

Area
28 30.2

2. Find the z value for 30.2


𝑥 −𝜇 30.2 −28 2.2
z= = = = 1.1
𝜎 2 2
3.Find the appropriate area. The
area to the left of z =1.1 is 0.8643.
Hence the area to the right of
z = 1.1 is 1.000 – 0.8643 = 0.1357
or 13.57%
Example 2.
Americans consume an average of 1.64
cups of coffee per day. Assume the
variable is approximately normally
distributed with a standard deviation of
0.24 cup. If 500 individuals are selected ,
approximately how many will drink less
than 1 cup of coffee per day?
Solution
1. Draw the figure and represent the
area.

Area

1 1.64

z = -2.67
2. Find the z value of 1
𝑥−𝜇 1−1.64
z= = = -2.67
𝜎 0.24
3. Find the area to the left of
z = -2.67. It is 0.0038.
P( x < 1) = P (z < -2.67) = 0.0038
4. To find how many people drank less
than 1 cup of coffee, multiply the sample
size by 0.0038 to get 1.9 .
Since we are asking about people ,
round the answer to 2 people. Hence,
approximately 2 people will drink less
than 1 cup of coffee.
Central Limit Theorem
The central limit theorem states that
even if the population is not normally
distributed , the sample mean tends to
become normal as the sample size
gets bigger (n ≥ 30). Thus the standard
Normal distribution is given by
𝑥−𝜇
z= ∙ 𝑛
𝜎
Application 3
A manufacturing firm produces LED
lamps with a mean lifetime of 900 hours
and a standard deviation of 55 hours.
Find the probability that a randomly
sample of 100 lamps will last on the
average
a. More than 915 hours
b. Between 895 and 905
Solution for a.
1. Find the z value of 915
915 −900 15
z= ∙ 100 = ∙ 100 = 2.73
55 55

Thus P( x > 915) = P(z > 2.73)


= 0.003167

So, for a random sample of 100 lamps ,


we have a probability of 0.3167 % that it
will last for more than 915 hours.
Solution for b
905 −900
z= ∙ 100 = 0.91
55

895 −900
z= ∙ 100 = -0.91
55

P (895 < x < 905) = P(-0.91< z < 0.91)


= 0.6372

You might also like