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Pid Tuning Methods

This document summarizes a seminar on PID tuning methods. It discusses various PID control techniques including proportional, integral and derivative control. It describes how changing the gains of each controller affects the system response. The document also covers PID tuning methods such as open loop Ziegler-Nichols and closed loop tuning. Finally, it lists some applications of PID controllers in automobiles, furnaces and industry.

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Nirmal sachan
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100 views

Pid Tuning Methods

This document summarizes a seminar on PID tuning methods. It discusses various PID control techniques including proportional, integral and derivative control. It describes how changing the gains of each controller affects the system response. The document also covers PID tuning methods such as open loop Ziegler-Nichols and closed loop tuning. Finally, it lists some applications of PID controllers in automobiles, furnaces and industry.

Uploaded by

Nirmal sachan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.E.

T LUCKNOW
Seminar
On
Pid Tuning Methods

Submitted To:- Guided By:- Submitted By:-


Department Of Electronics Mr.Laxmikant Dwivedi Nirmal Sachan
IET Lucknow 1605232037
Electronics & Instrumentation
3rd Year (2018-2019)
Content
 Introduction of controller
 Proportional controller
 Integral controller
 Derivative controller
 What is tuning
 Methods of tuning
 Open loop method
 Closed loop method
 Application of pid controller
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
Introduction
 A controller is a device which is used to get
the required transient and steady state
response as per the requirement

 The best system demands is smallest rise


time,smallest settling time,smallest steady
state error and smallest peak overshoot
Proportional contoller

 To change the transient response as per the requirement


 A proportional control acting is a simple gain multiplication
of the error signal present in the system

E (s) K p  U (s)  u (t )  K p e(t )


Change in gain in P controller

 Increase in gain:

 Upgrade both steadystate and


transient responses
 Reduce steady-state
error

 Reduce stability!
 Maxium peakover shoot
increase!
 Stead state error can not be
completely eliminated!
Integral Controller

 Also known as reset controller

 Because it eliminate the steady state error completely

 Should not be use for slow moving process and fast moving process

t
Ki
E ( s)  U ( s)  u (t )  Ki  e(t )dt
s 0
Change in gain for PI controller
 Increase in gain:
 Steady state error can br eliminated
completely

 Stability of the system decrease!


 Increase oscillations and
overshoot!
 Settling time increase!
 Increase oscillations
and overshoot!
Derivative Controller

 The name rate because of it produces the output which is


the derivative of input

 signal Derivative controller is also known as rate controller

de(t )
E ( s ) K d s  U ( s )  u (t )  K d
dt
Changes in gains for PID Controller
 Increase in gain:

 Upgrade transient response


 Decrease the peak and rise time
 Stability of the system increase
 Settling time decrease

 Increase overshoot
and settling time!
 Can’t eliminate steady
state error completely!
What is tuning

 The process of selecting the value of Kp,Kc,Kd so that


we can find optimum response
 It is used when it is difficult to find the transfer
function of system
 Like, it is used to maintain the tempreture of the
furnace or in other application in industry
 In 1942 Ziegler and Nicoles proposed two methods of
tuning
(1)open loop method
(2) closed loop method
Open loop method(Reaction curve technique)
 It is used when closed loop can
break as shown in figure

 The step input is applied at m’ and


output is taken from b
 It is not used when loop can’t break
 Difficutto find the slop of the output due to
noise present
 Not able to give exact output
Closed loop Method
 Used when it is not possible to break the loop of system

 In this method first select the Kd=0,Ki=0

 And then slowly increase the of kp value and check output

 At particular value of kp sustainable oscillation will produce in the output

 Note down kp and Tu and put in optimum setting


Application of pid controller

 It is used in automobiles as a speed controller

 It is used to control the tempteture of furnace

 Also used as a Ph neutralization in industry

 As a normal tank operating level


Reference

 www.ieee.org

 www.google.com

 www.wikipedia.com
THANKS

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