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Science Form 4 Chapter 4 Matter and Substances: 4.1 Analysing Changes in The States of Matter

The document discusses the states of matter and changes between states. It explains that matter is made of tiny particles that are in constant motion, and the amount of motion depends on temperature. It describes the three basic states - solid, liquid, and gas - and how the particles behave in each state. The kinetic theory is used to explain changes between states like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation, as well as the rare process of sublimation where a solid turns directly to a gas.

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100 views31 pages

Science Form 4 Chapter 4 Matter and Substances: 4.1 Analysing Changes in The States of Matter

The document discusses the states of matter and changes between states. It explains that matter is made of tiny particles that are in constant motion, and the amount of motion depends on temperature. It describes the three basic states - solid, liquid, and gas - and how the particles behave in each state. The kinetic theory is used to explain changes between states like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation, as well as the rare process of sublimation where a solid turns directly to a gas.

Uploaded by

KSSM TSE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science Form 4

Chapter 4 Matter and Substances


4.1 Analysing changes in the states
of matter
Snow in Japan
Snowflakes
Snowflakes
Snow is a solid
A snowflake is an aggregate of
many ice crystals (solid)
Raining : Rain is liquid
Water boils into water vapour (gas)
The kinetic theory of matter物质
• Three basic assumptions假设:
a) Matter is made up of tiny particles粒子.
b) The particles are in constant motion
不断的移动.
a) When temperature rises, the particles obtain
more kinetic energy动能and move faster.
Relation between changes in heat
with changes in kinetic energy of the
particles in matter
Ice
Solid
(example: ice)

• Kinetic energy of the particles is low.


• The particles can only vibrate and
rotate about in their fixed positions.
Solid
Liquid
(example : water)

• Particles have greater kinetic energy.


• Can move freely.
Liquid
Gas
(example :
steam / water
vapour)
• Particles have high kinetic energy.
• Move even faster in random motion.
Gas
Melting (absorbs heat)
Freezing (releases heat)
Boiling (absorbs heat)
Condensation (releases heat)
Sublimation
(absorbs heat)

• Sublimation is the change of a solid


directly to gas.
Examples of sublimation : dry ice
Examples of sublimation : iodine
sublimation

/ evaporation
Science module p.67

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