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Programming With C++ - Lecture5

This document discusses looping statements in C++, including while, do-while, and for loops. The while loop executes a statement as long as a condition is true. Do-while loops are similar but execute the statement block once before checking the condition. For loops allow initialization of a control variable, a condition, and updating of the variable each iteration. Examples include factorial calculation, cube calculation, and continuous calculators. Miscellaneous loop concepts like break, continue, and goto are also covered. Practice problems are suggested to reinforce the concepts.

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76 views15 pages

Programming With C++ - Lecture5

This document discusses looping statements in C++, including while, do-while, and for loops. The while loop executes a statement as long as a condition is true. Do-while loops are similar but execute the statement block once before checking the condition. For loops allow initialization of a control variable, a condition, and updating of the variable each iteration. Examples include factorial calculation, cube calculation, and continuous calculators. Miscellaneous loop concepts like break, continue, and goto are also covered. Practice problems are suggested to reinforce the concepts.

Uploaded by

Abdul baseer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Programming with C++

Lecture 5: Looping statements


Sikander Naseem
2

Introduction
 Iterative Programming
 Three iteration (looping) statements
 The while statement
 The do --- while statement
 The for statement.
3

The while statement


 The syntax for while statement is
while (condition) statement;
 Condition is any integral expression (comparison
operators)
 Statement is any executable statement.
 The statement will be executed if the integral
expression is having any non zero value (true)
 If the value from the integral expression is zero
(false) the statement will not be executed
4

The while statement


 The factorial finding Program
int main()
{int m;
cout << "Enter a positive integer to find its factorial = ";
cin>>m;
int i=1, fact=1;
while(i<=m) fact=fact*(i++);
cout << "The factorial of "<<m<< " is "<<fact;
}
5

The while statement


 A Continuously running program (notice statement block)
int main()
{int m;
cout << "Enter a number to find its cube = ";
cin>>m;
while (m != 0 ) {cout<< "Cube of the number is = "<<m*m*m<<endl;
cout << "Enter another positive number to find
cube(or 0 to quit) = ";
cin>>m;}
}
6

The do --- while statement


 Syntax
do statement while (condition);
 Condition is any integral expression
 Statement is any executable statement.
 The statement will be executed until the integral expression
is having any non zero value (true)
 Same as while except the condition is evaluated at the end.
 So the loop is always executed once.
 Variables can be defined inside the loop.
 Statement blocks are still required for multiple statements
 Semicolons
7

The do --- while statement


 The factorial program
int main()
{int m;
cout << "Enter a positive integer to find its factorial = ";
cin>>m;
int i=1, fact=1;
do
fact=fact*(i++);
while(i<=m);
cout << "The factorial of "<<m<< " is "<<fact<<endl;
}
8

The do --- while statement


 A Continuously running program (notice statement block)
int main()
{int m;
cout << "Enter a number to find its cube = ";
cin>>m;
do
{cout<< "Cube of the number is = "<<m*m*m<<endl;
cout << "Enter another positive number to find cube(or 0 to
quit) = ";
cin>>m;}
while (m != 0 );
}
9

The for statement


 Syntax
for (initialization; condition; update) statement;
 Where (initialization; condition; update) are the
optional expressions.
 Statement is any executable statement.
10

The for statement


 Initialization is used to declare the control
variable (i in the previous examples) for the loop.
 The condition is the integral expression which
determines weather the loop should continue to
iterate depending (true or false)
 The update expression updates the control variable
and is performed after the statement is executed.
11

The for statement


for (initialization; condition; update) statement;
 Steps for for statement
1. Evaluate the initialization expression;
2. Check the condition. If false terminate the loop;
3. If true execute the statement;
4. Evaluate the update expression;
5. Repeat 2-4
12

The for statement


 More than one control variable
for (i1, i2 ; condition; update1, update1) statement;

 Conversion of previous examples to for statement


loop.
13

Miscalenous
 The break statement
 The continue statement
 The goto statement
14

Practice
 Count down program (while loop)
 Delay Program (do---while)
 Continuous calculator from previous lecture
15

The End

Thanks for coming

Reference book:
Programming with C++, SCHAUM’s outlines, John Hubbard,
3rd/2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New Delhi

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