ECE FET Small Signal Analysis

Chapter 9:
FET Small-Signal Analysis
Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Digital Electronics Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Slide 1 Introduction
FETs provide
• excellent voltage gain
• high input impedance
• low-power consumption
• good frequency range

Slide 2 FET Small-Signal Model
Transconductance
The relationship of VGS (input) to ID (output) is called transconductance.
The transconductance is denoted gm.
ID [Formula 9.2]
gm 
VGS

Slide 3 Graphical Determination of gm

Slide 4 Mathematical Definition of gm
ID
gm  [Formula 9.2]
VGS
2IDSS  VGS 
gm  1 [Formula 9.4]
VP  VP 
2IDSS
gm0 
gm for VGS =0V: VP [Formula 9.5]
 VGS  [Formula 9.6]
gm  gm0 1
 VP 
VGS ID
for 1  [Formula 9.8]
VP IDSS
VGS ID
gm  gm0 (1 )  gm0 [Formula 9.9]
VP IDSS

Slide 5 FET Impedance
Input Impedance Zi: Zi   [Formula 9.10]

1
Output Impedance Zo: Zo  rd  [Formula 9.11]
yos
VDS [Formula 9.12]
rd 
ID VGS  constant
yos: admittance equivalent circuit parameter listed on FET specification sheets.

Slide 6 FET AC Equivalent Circuit

Slide 7 JFET Common-Source (CS) Fixed-Bias Configuration
The input is on the gate and the output is on the drain.

Slide 8 AC Equivalent Circuit

Slide 9 Impedances
Input Impedance: Zi  RG [Formula 9.13]

Zo  RD || rd
Output Impedance: [Formula 9.14]
Zo  RD [Formula 9.15]
Robert Boylestad
rd 10RD Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 10 Voltage Gain
Vo
Av   gm(rd || RD) [Formula 9.16]
Vi
Av 
Vo
 gmRD [Formula 9.17]
Vi rd 10RD

Slide 11 Phase Relationship
A CS amplifier configuration has a 180-degree phase shift between input and output.

Slide 12 JFET CS Self-Bias Configuration
This is a CS amplifier configuration therefore the input is on the gate and the output is on
the drain.

Slide 14 Impedances
Output Impedance: Zo  rd || RD [Formula 9.19]

Zo  RD
[Formula 9.20]
Robert Boylestad
Digital Electronics
rd 10RD Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Av  gm(rd || RD)
[Formula 9.21]
Av  gmRD [Formula 9.22]

rd 10RD

A CS amplifier configuration has a 180-degree phase shift between input and output.

Slide 17 JFET CS Self-Bias Configuration – Unbypassed Rs
If Cs is removed, it affects the gain of the circuit.


Slide 19 Impedances
Output Impedance: Zo  RD [Formula 9.25(b)]

rd 10RD
Vo gmRD
Av  
Vi RD  RS
1 gmRS 
rd
[Formula 9.26]
Vo gmRD
Av  
Vi 1 gmRS rd 10(RD  RS) [Formula 9.27]

Slide 21 JFET CS Voltage-Divider Configuration
This is a CS amplifier configuration therefore the input is on the gate and the output is on
the drain.

Slide 23 Impedances
Zi  R1 || R2
Input Impedance: [Formula 9.28]
Output Impedance: Zo  rd || RD [Formula 9.29]

Robert Boylestad
rd 10RD
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Av  gm(rd || RD) [Formula 9.31]
Av  gmRD [Formula 9.32]

rd 10RD

Slide 25 JFET Source Follower
(Common-Drain) Configuration
In a CD amplifier configuration the input is on the gate, but the output is from the source.

Slide 27 Impedances
Input Impedance:
Zi  RG [Formula 9.33]
1
Zo  rd || RS ||
Output Impedance: gm [Formula 9.34]
1
Zo  RS || [Formula 9.35]
Robert Boylestad gm rd 10RS
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Vo gm(rd || RS)
Av   [Formula 9.36]
Vi 1 gm(rd || RS)
Av 
Vo

gmRS [Formula 9.37]
Vi 1 gmRS rd 10RS

A CD amplifier configuration has no phase shift between input and output.

Slide 30 JFET Common-Gate Configuration
The input is on source and the output is on the drain.


Slide 32 Impedances
 rd  RD 
Zi  RS ||  
Input Impedance: 1 gmrd  [Formula 9.39]
Zi  RS || ( 1 ) [Formula 9.40]
gm rd 10RD
Output Impedance: Zo  RD || rd [Formula 9.41]

rd 10RD
 RD 
g mRD 
Vo  rd  [Formula 9.43]
Av  
Vi  RD 
1 rd 
[Formula 9.44]
Av  gmRD
rd 10RD

A CG amplifier configuration has no phase shift between input and output.

Slide 35 Depletion-Type MOSFETs
D-MOSFETs have similar AC equivalent models. The only difference is that VSGQ can be
positive for n-channel devices and negative for p-channel devices. This means that gm can
be greater than gm0.

Slide 36 D-MOSFET AC Equivalent Model
[Fig. 9.34]

Slide 37 Enhancement-Type MOSFETs
There are two types of E-MOSFETs:
nMOS or n-channel MOSFETs

pMOS or p-channel MOSFETs

Slide 38 E-MOSFET AC Equivalent Model
gm and rd can be found in the specification sheet for the FET.

Slide 39 E-MOSFET CS Drain-Feedback Configuration


Slide 41 Impedances
RF  rd || RD
Zi 
Input Impedance: 1 gm(rd || RD) [Formula 9.46]
Zi 
RF
RF  rd || RD, rd 10RD
[Formula 9.47]
1 gmRD
Zo  RF || rd || RD
Zo  RD
RF  rd || RD, rd 10RD [Formula 9.49]
Av  gm(RF || rd || RD) [Formula 9.50]

RF  rd || RD, rd 10RD

This is a CS amplifier configuration therefore it has 180-degree phase shift between input
and output.

Slide 44 E-MOSFET CS Voltage-Divider Configuration


Slide 46 Impedances
Input Impedance: Zi  R1 || R2 [Formula 9.52]

Zo  rd || RD
Zo  RD
rd 10RD [Formula 9.54]
Av  gm(rd || RD) [Formula 9.55]

rd 10RD

Slide 48a Summary Table

Slide 48b Summary Table

Slide 49 Troubleshooting
1. Check the DC bias voltages – if not correct check power supply, resistors, FET. Also
check to ensure that the coupling capacitor between amplifier stages is OK.
2. Check the AC voltages – if not correct check FET, capacitors and the loading effect of
the next stage.

Slide 50 Practical Applications
• Three-Channel Audio Mixer
• Silent Switching
• Phase Shift Networks
• Motion Detection System


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Chapter 9:

FET Small-Signal Analysis

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

• high input impedance

• good frequency range

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The relationship of VGS (input) to ID (output) is called transconductance.

The transconductance is denoted gm.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Input Impedance Zi: Zi   [Formula 9.10]

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The input is on the gate and the output is on the drain.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Input Impedance: Zi  RG [Formula 9.13]

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Input Impedance: Zi  RG [Formula 9.18]

Output Impedance: Zo  rd || RD [Formula 9.19]

Av  gmRD [Formula 9.22]

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

If Cs is removed, it affects the gain of the circuit.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Input Impedance: Zi  RG [Formula 9.23]

Output Impedance: Zo  RD [Formula 9.25(b)]

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Output Impedance: Zo  rd || RD [Formula 9.29]

Av  gm(rd || RD) [Formula 9.31]

Av  gmRD [Formula 9.32]

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

A CD amplifier configuration has no phase shift between input and output.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The input is on source and the output is on the drain.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Output Impedance: Zo  RD || rd [Formula 9.41]

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

A CG amplifier configuration has no phase shift between input and output.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

There are two types of E-MOSFETs:

nMOS or n-channel MOSFETs

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

gm and rd can be found in the specification sheet for the FET.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Av  gm(RF || rd || RD) [Formula 9.50]

Av  gmRD [Formula 9.51]

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Robert Boylestad Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Input Impedance: Zi  R1 || R2 [Formula 9.52]