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    High Frequency Communication

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    pk
    HF communication operates in the frequency range of 3-30 MHz and has been used historically for long-distance communication, especially with ships and aircraft. It has evolved from analog voice to include digital voice and data transmission. Key challenges for HF communication include reliability due to unpredictable ionospheric conditions, achieving high data rates, and enabling massive remote access. Future directions may include more intelligent radios, wider bandwidth waveforms, and heterogeneous networks integrating different communication methods.

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    High Frequency Communication

    Uploaded by

    pk
    78 views26 pages
    HF communication operates in the frequency range of 3-30 MHz and has been used historically for long-distance communication, especially with ships and aircraft. It has evolved from analog voice to include digital voice and data transmission. Key challenges for HF communication include reliability due to unpredictable ionospheric conditions, achieving high data rates, and enabling massive remote access. Future directions may include more intelligent radios, wider bandwidth waveforms, and heterogeneous networks integrating different communication methods.

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    HF communication operates in the frequency range of 3-30 MHz and has been used historically for long-distance communication, especially with ships and aircraft. It has evolved from analog voice to include digital voice and data transmission. Key challenges for HF communication include reliability due to unpredictable ionospheric conditions, achieving high data rates, and enabling massive remote access. Future directions may include more intelligent radios, wider bandwidth waveforms, and heterogeneous networks integrating different communication methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    78 views26 pages

    High Frequency Communication

    Uploaded by

    pk
    HF communication operates in the frequency range of 3-30 MHz and has been used historically for long-distance communication, especially with ships and aircraft. It has evolved from analog voice to include digital voice and data transmission. Key challenges for HF communication include reliability due to unpredictable ionospheric conditions, achieving high data rates, and enabling massive remote access. Future directions may include more intelligent radios, wider bandwidth waveforms, and heterogeneous networks integrating different communication methods.

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    of 26

    HF COMMUNICATION : PAST,

    PRESENT, FUTURE

    HF communication: past, present, future 1


    CONTENTS

    HF communication: past, present, future 2

    • INTRODUCTION
    INTRODUCTION

    • AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FREQUENCY DEFINED BY ITU FOR RADIO


    AND RADAR COMM.
    • OPERATES IN A RANGE OF 3 TO 30 MHZ.
    • WAVELENGTH 10 TO 100M.
    • IMPORTANT WIRELESS COMM. PRACTICE.

    HF communication: past, present, future 3


    USES OF HF COMMUNICATION

    • EMERGENCY COMM. IN DISASTER AREA.


    • REMOTE COMM. WITH SHIPS, AIRCRAFTS.
    • INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL BROADCASTING.
    • AMATEUR RADIO.
    • MARITIME SEA-TO-SHORE SERVICE.
    • AIR-TO-GROUND COMMUNICATION.
    HF communication: past, present, future 4
    BRIEF PRELIMINARIES ON HF
    COMMUNICATION

    • SURFACE/GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION


    • SKY WAVE PROPAGATION
    • LINE OF SIGHT
    HF communication: past, present, future 5
    SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION

    • A WAVE WHICH GUIDED ALONG THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.


    HF communication: past, present, future 6
    • PRODUCED BY VERTICALLY POLARIZED ANTENNAS.
    HF communication: past, present, future 7
    SKY WAVE PROPAGATION

    • A WAVE THAT IS REFRACTED/REFLECTED TOWARDS THE EARTH


    FROM IONOSPHERE.
    • IONIZATION IS POSSIBLE DUE TO PRESENCE OF SUN ENERGY.
    • PROPAGATES MIDDLE RANGE FREQUENCIES(HF,VHF).
    • USED FOR LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION.
    • EX:- MILITARY COMMUNICATION, INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING.
    HF communication: past, present, future 8
    HF communication: past, present, future
    9
    LINE OF SIGHT

    • LOS OPERATES IN A RANGE OF 15 TO 85KMS.


    • TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ANTENNA MUST BE WITHIN LINE OF
    SIGHT
    • RADIO BAND CHANGES DUE TO CHANGE IN REFRACTIVE INDEX OF
    ATMOSPHERE.
    • HEIGHT OF TOWER SHOULD BE HIGH FROM OBSTECLES.
    • EX:- TV, SATELLITE, OPTICAL COMM.
    HF communication: past, present, future 10
    HF communication: past, present, future 11
    HISTORICAL REVIEW OF HF
    COMMUNICATION
    • STARTS AROUND 1985
    • MARCONI & OTHER RADIO PIONEERS BEGAN TO USE LONG
    WAVELENGTHS
    • HF WERE GIVEN FOR EXPERIMENTS UNTIL 1921
    • HF BAND’S LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION CAPABILITY
    • LOWER TRANSMIT POWER AND SMALLER ANTENNAS.
    HF communication: past, present, future 12
    FIRST GENERATION HF COMMUNICATION(1920-
    1970)

    • SPARK GAP TRANSMITTER


    • MANUAL FREQUENCY SELECTION
    • INVENTION OF CONTINUOUS WAVE OSCILLATOR
    13
    • ANALOGY VOICE SERVICE
    HF communication: past, present, future
    SECOND GENERATION HF
    COMMUNICATION(1980-1990)

    • AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT.


    • DIGITAL VOICE/DATA SERVICE.
    • POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT COMMUNICATION.
    • ASYNCHRONOUS PROCESS REQUIRES LONG TIME.
    • VOICE SERVICE LACK OF DATA.

    HF communication: past, present, future 14


    THIRD GENERATION HF COMMUNICATION(2000-
    2010)

    • AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT


    • HIGH PERFORMANCE DATA TRANSMISSION
    • CHANNEL FOR LINK ESTABLISHMENT AND TRANSMISSION SEPARATED.
    • HIGHER DATA RATE,LOWER SNR, FASTER LINK ESTABLISHMENT
    • SYNCHRONOUS TECHNIQUE REDUCED SCANNING TIME.
    • INTEGRATED SERVICE FROM ANALOGY TO DIGITAL VOICE.
    HF communication: past, present, future 15
    NEXT GENERATION HF COMMUNICATION(2010- )

    • INTELLIGENT OPERATIONS
    • WIDEBAND DATA TRANSMISSION
    • HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKING

    HF communication: past, present, future 16


    KEY CHALLENGES

    • RELIABILITY
    • HIGH DATA RATES
    • MASSIVE REMOTE ACCESS

    HF communication: past, present, future 17


    RELIABILITY

    • DUE TO COMPLEX AND UNPREDICTABLE FACTOR OF NATURE


    • EX:-CHANGING IN IONOSPHERIC REFRECTION
    • UNINTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE
    • INTENTIONAL JAMMING

    HF communication: past, present, future 18


    HIGH DATA RATES

    • FOR SUPPORTING VIDEO AND IMAGE TRANSMISSIONS.


    • VOICE AND DATA WITH LESS COST
    • TRANSMISSION OF LARGE DATA FILES

    HF communication: past, present, future 19


    MASSIVE REMOTE ACCESS

    • INCREASING IN WORLDWIDE APPLICATIONS LIKE SHIPS, AIRCRAFTS


    ETC.
    • MASSIVE :-HUGE NO. OF CONCURRENT CONNECTION COMM.
    • REMOTE:-DISTANCE BW HF TRANSCEIVERS IS LARGE.

    HF communication: past, present, future 20


    FUTURE DIRECTION

    • INTELLIGENT HF RADIO
    • WIDEBAND HF
    • HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKING

    HF communication: past, present, future 21


    HF communication: past, present, future 22
    INTELLIGENT HF RADIOS

    • IMPROVE SELF ADAPTABILITY.


    • PROACTIVE ALE
    • PRE SELECTION OF FAVOURABLE FREQ. BASED ON SPECTRUM
    PREDICTION.
    • SMART ANTI-JAMMING

    HF communication: past, present, future 23


    WIDEBAND HF

    • INCREASE DATA RATES FOR SUPPORTING DIVERSE SERVICES.


    • DESIGN A NEW WAVEFORM UTILIZING CURRENT 3 KHZ
    ALLOCATION.
    • MULTICHANNEL APPROACH.
    • INCREASE DATA RATES USING WIDER CONTIGUOUS WAVEFORM.

    HF communication: past, present, future 24


    HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK

    • IMPROVE RELIABILITY BY DIVERSE COMBINING.


    • CENTRALIZED ACCESS CONTROL TO COORDINATE MASSIVE
    CONNECTIONS.
    • INTEGRATED SPACE-AIR-MARINE-GROUND COMM. NETWORK.

    HF communication: past, present, future 25


    SUMMARY

    • PRESENTS A GENERAL TUTORIAL ON HF COMM.


    • TECHNICAL EVOLUTION OF HF COMM.
    • KEY CHALLENGES.
    • FUTURE DIRECTIONS.

    HF communication: past, present, future 26

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