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The C Language: Programming

The document discusses the C programming language. It describes C as being originally designed for UNIX and implemented on DEC PDP 11 machines. C is widely used and popular, and influenced the development of C++. The document outlines some key features, advantages, and disadvantages of C. It also covers compilers, interpreters, data types in C, and basic input/output instructions.

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sudinavada2009
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41 views

The C Language: Programming

The document discusses the C programming language. It describes C as being originally designed for UNIX and implemented on DEC PDP 11 machines. C is widely used and popular, and influenced the development of C++. The document outlines some key features, advantages, and disadvantages of C. It also covers compilers, interpreters, data types in C, and basic input/output instructions.

Uploaded by

sudinavada2009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The C Programming Language

INTRODUCTION
The History of C
 Originally designed for and implemented on

the UNIX OS – on DEC PDP 11 – by Dennis

Ritchie at Bell Labs.


 UNIX – written in C
 Extremely popular and widely used
 Several flavours – ANSI
 C++ evolved from C & has more powerful
object oriented features -- Bjarne Stroustrup.
FEATURES

 System independence
 Limited Data types
 High efficiency
 Structured programming
Advantages

 Simple and orderly – Compilers can run on small


machines
 Efficiency – C Programmes translate into machine
code more efficiently – faster and smaller exe code.
 Portability – Write in C and run on several OS’es –
Cray, DEC, SUN with little or no modification.
 Structured Programming organised
 Flexibility – few restrictions.
Disadvantages

 Flexibility of C -- problem for an


inexperienced programmer – mistake
results in a valid – unwanted interpretation.
 Code Sparse – Cryptic and Confusing.
 B’coz ‘C’ imposes few restrictions –
bugs can bury themselves more in C than in
other languages.
Compilers and Interpreters

 Translates source file of High-Level Language (HLL)


code into object file of machine language code
 Compile-time vs Run-time
 Development Cycle:
* Edit - Compile - Link - Load/Execute
 Final result is machine code: runs quickly
 Compilers may generate efficient, optimised code
 Compiled HLLs: Modula-2, C, Pascal, Eiffel,
FORTRAN...
INTERPRETERS

Translates HLL statements to machine-code


procedure calls directly
 Interactive - results are immediate
 eg. Unix Shell
 Interpreted language programs run more slowly
than those created using compiled languages
Examples: BASICA, Lisp, PERL, UNIX Shell...
Does distinguish lower & upper case
letters.
Keywords can not be used as
variables.
Basic structure of
C - Programming
Documentation section
Link section
Definition section
Global declaration section
Function section- main(),
1. Declaration part and
2. Executable part
Subprogram section- Functions1, 2, 3 …. Etc.
Execution of C
Programs
4 Steps:-
1. Creating the program
2. Compiling
3. Linking
4. Executing
Characters in C
4 Categories:
1. Letters – A-Z, a-z (52)
2. Digits - 0-9 (10)
3. Special Characters- ,.;:‘“!|/\~$
% # & ^ * - + < > ( ) [ ] { } ?@ (29)
4. White Spaces- Blanks, Tab, Carriage
return, form feed, new line ( 5)
Fundamental Data
Types

4 types
1. Integer- ‘int’
2. Character- ‘char’
3. Floating point- ‘float’
4. Double precision floating point -
‘double’
Input- Output
instructions

Input – getchar(); scanf();

Output - putchar(); printf()’;

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