ITEC50 – WEB SYSTEM

AND TECHNOLOGIES 1
INTRODUCTION TO WEB
John Patrick C. Palustre
 COMMON TERMS USED
• Internet – a worldwide collection of networks, each of which
is composed of a collection of smaller networks
• Network – composed of several computers connected together
to share resources and data
• www (World Wide Web or Web) – collection of links
throughout the Internet
• Web site – term used for each computer within the Web
containing information that can be referenced with a link
 COMMON TERMS USED
• Web page – a specifically formatted electronic document that
can store graphics, text and other information available at a
Web site
• Home page – starting page of a Web site. It provides
information about the Web site’s purpose and content
• Splash page – Web page that precedes a home page. It is a
lead-in page often containing multimedia.
 COMMON TERMS USED
• Multimedia – some combination of text, graphics, animation,
audio or video. It’s primary intention is to grab visitor’s
attention and draw them into the Web site
• Web browser – a specific software program that allows for the
display of Web pages
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – unique address of a Web
page found in the browser’s address bar or location field
• Protocol – specifies the format to be used for transmitting
data (example http://, ftp://, mailto://)
 COMMON TERMS USED
• http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – the communications
standard to transmit data on the Web
• Server name – the text version of a numeric address for each
computer on the Internet, usually follow after the protocol
• IP address (Internet Protocol Address) – the numeric address
for each computer on the Internet, it seldom appears in Web
URL
• Country abbreviation – the last portion of the URL that
specifies the country of the server
 INTERNET HISTORY
• It begins with the development of electronic computers in the
1950s.
• Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several
computer science laboratories in the United States, United
Kingdom, and France.
• In early 1960s, the US Department of Defense awarded a
contract to develop ARPANET.
 INTERNET HISTORY
• Packet switching networks such as ARPANET, NPL
network, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet,
were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a
variety of communications protocols.
• The ARPANET project led to the development of protocols
for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks
could be joined into a network of networks.
• Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when
the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the Computer
Science Network (CSNET).
 INTERNET HISTORY
• In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was introduced as
the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET.
• In the early 1980s the NSF funded the establishment for
national supercomputing centers at several universities, and
provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project,
which also created network access to the supercomputer sites
in the United States from research and education
organizations.
• Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge
in the very late 1980s
 INTERNET HISTORY
• ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990
• NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995
• In the 1980s, British computer scientist Tim Berners-
Lee invented the World Wide Web, linking hypertext
documents into an information system, accessible from any
node on the network.
• Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary
impact on culture, commerce, and technology.
 INTERNET HISTORY
• It includes the rise of near-instant communication
by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video
calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion
forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites.
• Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater
amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment,
and social networking.
 THE VICTORIAN INTERNET
• The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph
and the Nineteenth Century's On-Line
Pioneers is a 1998 book by Tom Standage.
The book was first published in September
1998 through Walker & Company and
discusses the development and uses of
the electric telegraph during the second half
of the 19th century and some of the
similarities the telegraph shared with the
Internet of the late 20th century.
 THE VICTORIAN INTERNET
• The central idea of the book suggests that of these two
technologies, it was the telegraph that was the more
significant, since the ability to communicate globally at all in
real-time was a qualitative shift, while the change brought on
by the modern Internet was merely a quantitative shift
according to Standage.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Claude Shannon - Known as “the father of
modern information theory,” Claude
Shannon published an influential paper in
1948, “A Mathematical Theory of
Communication,” which formalized the
study of communication channels. Shannon
developed the basic foundation underlying
the Internet.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Paul Baran - in 1959, Baran developed and
described the data architecture for a
packet-switched communications
network. This description, detailed in a
series of papers called “On Distributed
Communications,” would prove to be the
general basis behind the architecture of
the Internet.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Bob Taylor - In the late 1960s, he
convinced the Defense Department to
develop a communications network, which
would eventually become ARPANET,
the military precursor to the Internet. He
wrote an influential paper, “The Computer
as a Communication Device,” which stated
that men would soon be able to
communicate more efficiently through a
computer than face-to-face. The paper
laid out the future of what the Internet
would become.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Douglas Englebart - A researcher at
Stanford, Englebart’s Augmentation
Research Center was the second node on
ARPANET in October 1969. He developed
the Network Information Center at
Stanford, which would later become the
domain name registry, or the database
listing every website on the Internet.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Larry Roberts - Chief scientist at ARPA’s
Information Processing Techniques Office
in 1966, he led the development of
ARPANET. He also founded Telenet, the
first packet-switched network provider
and the precursor to companies like
Comcast and Verizon. Telenet is now
owned by Sprint and is part of its mobile
data network.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Vint Cerf - A legend in the early Internet
community, Cerf was program manager for
ARPA from 1976-1982. He co-designed the
TCP/IP protocols used by the early
ARPANET and today’s Internet with
Bob Kahn, and he founded both the
Internet Society and ICANN, or the
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers. ICANN is a fundamental part
of how the Internet is organized.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Paul Mockapetris - Along with Jon Postel,
Mockapetris designed and developed DNS,
or the domain name architecture. When
you type a website address into your
search bar, you can thank Mockapetris and
Postel for figuring out how to make that
action find the website you want.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• David Clark - The Internet grew
tremendously between 1981 and 1989, and
the decisions made then affected what the
network would later become. Clark was
the chief protocol architect for the
Internet during this time as the chairman
of the Internet Activities Board, and he
exerted significant influence in the
formation of the rules governing the
Internet.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Steve Wolff - As the Division Director for
Networking and Communications at the
National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1986,
he managed the development of NSFNET.
He conceived and led the Gigabit Testbed,
a joint project between the NSF and the
Department of Defense designed to prove
that networking at gigabit speeds was
possible. His success helped pave the way
to transform the Internet from a narrowly-
focused communications network into the
globally reaching Internet of today.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• Marc Andreesen & Eric Bina - It took
these two pioneers to develop Mosaic, the
first Internet browser. They took all the
previous pioneers’ accomplishments and
translated it into an easy-to-use graphical
interface. This went a long way toward
transforming the Internet from a province
for highly-educated computer scientists
into a network for anyone to view.
 INTERNET PIONEERS
• These are just a few of the pioneers who made the Internet
possible. Each individual who developed a better way of
transmitting information, organizing data flows or increasing
speeds contributed in some way to the development of the
Internet we know today.
WEB BROWSER
 WEB BROWSER
• A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is
a software application for accessing information on the World
Wide Web. Each individual web page, image, and video is
identified by a distinct URL, enabling browsers to retrieve and
display them on the user's device.
 WEB BROWSER
• A web browser is not the same thing as a search engine,
though the two are often confused. For a user, a search engine
is just a website, such as google.com, that stores searchable
data about other websites. But to connect to a
website's server and display its pages, a user needs to have a
web browser installed on their device.
• The most popular browsers are Chrome, Firefox, Safari,
Internet Explorer, and Edge.
 WEB BROWSER TIMELINE
• 1992—It all starts in 1992 with Lynx, the world’s first web
browser—a simple, text-based web browser with no graphics.
• 1993—A year later, Mosaic has images embedded in their
browser and becomes the world’s first most popular browser.
However, their throne doesn’t last long.
• 1994—Netscape Navigator quickly dethrones Mosaic soon after
their rise.
• 1995—Microsoft makes its first debut browser called Internet
Explorer and gains a large audience. Internet Explorer
becomes one of the largest and most well-known web
browsers in history.
 WEB BROWSER TIMELINE
• 2003—Apple launches Safari, which was exclusively targeted
and made for Apple users.
• 2004—Mozilla Firefox gains popularity. Firefox amasses a huge
number of users—even more than that of Internet Explorer.
• 2008—Google Chrome is released, but does not take over the
browsing world until end of 2015 when it officially became the
most popular browser.
• 2018—Evry Browser, the browser to revolutionize the field, is
released.
WEB BROWSER TIMELINE