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Fourier Transform

The document discusses the Fourier transform and its applications. It aims to explain the basic concepts of the Fourier transform, verify the amplitude and phase spectra of continuous time signals using MATLAB, and observe how Fourier transforms can provide further information about signals that is not evident from their raw time-domain representation. It also presents the mathematical definitions of the Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform, and demonstrates how to compute the amplitude and phase spectra of signals using MATLAB.

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Basim Brohi
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253 views19 pages

Fourier Transform

The document discusses the Fourier transform and its applications. It aims to explain the basic concepts of the Fourier transform, verify the amplitude and phase spectra of continuous time signals using MATLAB, and observe how Fourier transforms can provide further information about signals that is not evident from their raw time-domain representation. It also presents the mathematical definitions of the Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform, and demonstrates how to compute the amplitude and phase spectra of signals using MATLAB.

Uploaded by

Basim Brohi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engr.

Muhammad Awais
 To understand the basic concept behind Fourier
transforms.
 To verify the Amplitude density and Phase spectra of
continuous time signals using Matlab
 To observe the practical implication of the fact that all
the signals are actually time-limited.
 To become familiar with FFT and IFFT functions of
Matlab that are used for DFT
 In Fourier series Periodic signals can be approximated
or represented as a series of Sines and cosines while
to see the spectrum of an aperiodic signal, we’ll take
its Fourier transform. The Fourier Transform is a
generalization of the complex Fourier series in the
limit as т → ∞.
 F.T is used to represent a continuous time aperiodic
signal as a superposition of complex sinusoids.
 F.T converts the signal information to a magnitude
and phase components of each Frequency.

Xf   x t e  j 2ft
dt




j 2ft
x (t )  X ( f )e dt

 Mathematical transformation is applied to signals
to obtain further information from that signal
that is not readily available in the raw signal.
 Time-domain representation is not always the
best representation of the signal for most signal
processing related applications (Filters or any
other comm devices).
 The most distinguished information is hidden in
the frequency contents of the signal.
 The amplitude density spectrum of a
continuous time signal x(t) is magnitude of
its Fourier transform, i.e., |X(f)|. If x(t) has
the unit of amperes, its resulting amplitude
density function shall have the units of
amperes/Hz.
|X(f)|=Sqrt(Re^2+Im^2)
 The Phase Spectrum of a continuous time
signal x(t) is angle of its Fourier Transform
X(f), i.e., X(f). Its unit is radians.

X(f)=tanInverse(Im/Re)
 The energy density of a continuous time
signal x (t) is the square of its amplitude
density function, i.e., |X (f) |2. Accordingly,
its unit is square of that of |X (f)|.
 For Amplitude Spectrum:
 t=-1:0.01:3;
 ut=[zeros(1,100) ones(1,301)];
 xt=exp(-t).*ut;
 f=-1:0.01:1;
 xamp=1./sqrt(1+4*(pi^2)*f.^2)
 subplot(1,2,1)
 plot(t, xt);
 xlabel('TIME');
 ylabel('Amplitude');
 title('your roll no: ')
 grid on;
 subplot(1,2,2)
 plot(f, xamp)
 xlabel('FREQUENCY');
 ylabel('Amplitude Spectrum');
 title('Isra')
 grid on;
 For Phase Spectrum:
 t=-1:0.01:3;
 ut=[zeros(1,100) ones(1,301)];
 xt=exp(-t).*ut;
 f=-1:0.001:1;
 xp=-atand(2*pi*f);
 xph=unwrap(xp);
 subplot(1,2,1)
 plot(t, xt);
 grid on;
 xlabel('TIME')
 ylabel('Amplitude');
 title('X(t)');
 subplot(1,2,2)
 plot(f, xph)
 xlabel('FREQUENCY');
 ylabel('Your University');
 title('Phase');
 grid on;
 In Matlab signals are the signals are generated
in discrete time so Fourier transform is done in
discrete fashion.
 The functions used for DFT and IDFT in
MATLAB are 'fft' and 'ifft' respectively
 x=[1 4 2 1];
 n=0:3;
 a=fft(x);
 m=abs(a);
 ang=angle(a);
 subplot(3,1,1);
 stem(n,x)
 grid on;
 title('x(n)')
 subplot(3,1,2);
 stem(n,m)
 grid on;
 title('amp')
 subplot(3,1,3);
 stem(n,ang)
 grid on;
 title ('phase')

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