Scribd
Upload
63 views17 pages

A Seminar On Hydraulic Turbine: Department of Mechanical Engineering Session 2018-19

This document provides an overview of hydraulic turbines, including: 1. Hydraulic turbines convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and are mostly used for electric power generation from water kinetic energy in dams. 2. Turbines are classified as either impulse turbines, where pressure does not change through the rotor, such as Pelton wheels, or reaction turbines where pressure does change, such as Francis and Kaplan turbines. 3. Francis turbines have a radial inflow design while Kaplan turbines have an axial flow design and are best for large volumes of low head water. Turbines require governing to maintain a constant speed under varying loads for electric generators.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views17 pages

A Seminar On Hydraulic Turbine: Department of Mechanical Engineering Session 2018-19

This document provides an overview of hydraulic turbines, including: 1. Hydraulic turbines convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and are mostly used for electric power generation from water kinetic energy in dams. 2. Turbines are classified as either impulse turbines, where pressure does not change through the rotor, such as Pelton wheels, or reaction turbines where pressure does change, such as Francis and Kaplan turbines. 3. Francis turbines have a radial inflow design while Kaplan turbines have an axial flow design and are best for large volumes of low head water. Turbines require governing to maintain a constant speed under varying loads for electric generators.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

A

SEMINAR ON
HYDRAULIC TURBINE

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Session 2018-19
Submitted To: Submitted By:

Dr. M.A. Saloda Akash Kr.


Meena(03)
INTRODUCTION

1. The hydraulic machines that convert hydraulic energy into mechanical


energy is called hydraulic turbine.

2. Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used
for industrial power prior to electrical grids.

3. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. Water turbines are
mostly found in embankment dams to generate electric power from water
kinetic energy.
CLASSIFICATION OF TURBINE

HYDRAULIC
TURBINE

IMPULSE TURBINE REACTION TURBINE


Impulse turbine: the pressure of liquid does not change while flowing through
the rotor of the machine. In impulse turbines pressure change occur only in the
nozzles of the machine.

Example of impulse turbine: pelton wheel


PELTON WHEEL
Water strikes the vanes along tangent of the runner and the energy available at the inlet of
turbine is only kinetic energy, there fore is is a tangential flow impulse turbine

in a pelton turbine or pelton wheel water jets impact on the blades of the turbine making the
wheel rotate, producing torque and power.

MAIN PARTS OF A PELTON WHEEL

Nozzle: it control the amount of water striking the vanes of the runner

casing: it is used to prevent splashing of water and plays no part in power generation

runner with bucket: runner is a circular disc on the periphery of which a number of evenly
spaced bucket are fixed

breaking jet: to stop the runner in short time breaking jet is used
POINTS REGARDING IMPULSE TURBINE :-

1.The total head of the incoming fluid is converted into a large velocity head at
the exit of the supply nozzle.

2.Both the pressure drop across the bucket (blade) and the change in relative
speed of the fluid across the bucket are negligible.

3.The space surrounding the rotor is not completely filled with fluid.

4.The individual jets of fluid striking the buckets that generates the torque.
REACTION TURBINE: The pressure of liquid changes while it flows
through the rotor of the machine.
The change in fluid velocity and reduction in its pressure causes a
reaction on the turbine blades;
this is wherefrom the name reaction turbine may have been derived.

Examples: francis and kaplan turbines fall in the category of reaction


turbines.
FRANCIS TURBINE

1st hydraulic turbine with radial inflow

water flow from outward to inward, k/a inward radial flow turbine

francis turbine is a reaction turbine as the energy available at the inlet of the
turbine is a combination of kinetic and pressure energy.

Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on


the turbine blades making the turbine rotat
Main Parts Of A Francis Turbine :-

casing: the runner is completely enclosed in an air-tight spiral casing. The casing
and runner are always full of water

guide mechanism: it consists of stationary circular wheel on which stationary


guide vanes are fixed.

The guide vanes allow the water to strike the vanes of the runner without shock
at inlet

runner: is a circular wheel on which a series of curved radial guide vanes are
fixed

draft tube: it is used for discharging water from the outlet of the runner to the tail
race
KAPLAN TURBINE

Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine

the water flows through the runner of the turbine in an axial direction and the
energy at the inlet of the turbine is the sum of kinetic and pressure energy.

In an axial flow reaction turbine the shaft is vertical.

On the hub vanes are attached. If the vanes are adjustable then it is k/a kalpan
turbine, if vans are not adjustable then is k/a propeller turbine

best suited where large quantity of low head water is available.


MAIN PARTS OF A KAPLAN
TURBINE

1. Scroll Casing

2. Guide Vane Mechanism

3. Hub With Vanes

4. Draft Tube
Points Regarding Reaction Turbine :-

There is both a pressure drop and a fluid relative speed change across the rotor.

Guide vanes act as nozzle to accelerate the flow and turn it in the appropriate
direction as the fluid enters the rotor.

Part of the pressure drop occurs across the guide vanes and part occurs across
the rotor
GOVERNING OF TURBINES :-

It is the operation by which the speed of the turbine is kept constant under all
conditions of the working load.

This is done automatically by a governor which regulate the rate flow through
the turbine according to the changing load condition on the turbine

it is absolutely necessary if the turbine is coupled to an electric generator which


is required to run at constant speed under all fluctuating load conditions
Governor of reaction turbine Governor of pelton turbine
The primary functions of the hydraulic turbine governor are as follows:

1) To start, maintain and adjust unit speed for synchronizing with the running
units/grid.

2) To maintain system frequency after synchronization by adjusting turbine output to


load changes.

3) To share load changes with the other units in a planned manner in response to
system frequency error.

4) To adjust output of the unit in response to operator or other supervisory


commands.

5) To perform normal shut down or emergency over speed shut down for protection.
REFERENCES

Book :–
Fluid Mechanics & Hydraullic Machine By RK Bansal
R. K. Rajaput. Fluid Mechanics and Machines, S. Chand & Co.

URL-
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/machine/ui/Course_home-
lec32.htm
THANK YOU

You might also like