Instructor Materials

gnituoR :1Chapter
stpecnoC

CCNA Routing and Switching

Routing and Switching
6.0Essentials v

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 gnituoR :1Chapter
stpecnoC

6.0Routing and Switching Essentials v

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 sevitcejbO & snoitceS -1 Chapter
Router Initial Configuration 1.1
.Describe the primary functions and features of a router •
Configure basic settings on a router to route between two directly-connected •
.networks, using CLI
Verify connectivity between two networks that are directly connected to a •
.router

Routing Decisions 1.2

Explain the encapsulation and de-encapsulation process used by routers when •
.switching packets between interfaces
.Explain the path determination function of a router •

Router Operation 1.3

.Explain routing table entries for directly connected networks •
.Explain how a router builds a routing table of directly connected networks •
.Explain how a router builds a routing table using static routes •
.Explain how a router builds a routing table using a dynamic routing protocol •
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 Router Initial 1.1
Configuration

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 The router is responsible for the routing of traffic
.between networks

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 Routers are specialized computers containing the following
:required components to operate
Central processing unit (CPU) •
Operating system (OS) - Routers use Cisco IOS •
Memory and storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, hard drive) •

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 Routers use specialized ports and network interface cards to
.interconnect to other networks

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 Router Memory

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 Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols to learn 
.about remote networks and build their routing tables
Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send 
.packets
Routers encapsulate the packet and forward it to the interface 
.indicated in routing table

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 


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 To enable network
access devices, must be
configured with the
following IP address
:information


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 Network documentation should include at least the following in a topology diagram
:and addressing table
Device names 
Interfaces 
IP addresses and 
subnet masks
Default gateways 

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 .A DNS server IP address can also be assigned
Used to identify specific network resources such as network servers •
.and printers
.Can be used in very small networks with few hosts •

.Most hosts acquire their IP address information through DHCP •

.DHCP services can be provided by Cisco routers •

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 Console Access

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 Network infrastructure devices require IP addresses to enable remote 
.management
On a switch, the management IP address is assigned on a virtual interface 
called a switched virtual interface (SVI)

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 Save the Configuration 

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To be available, a router interface
:must be
Configured with an address and subnet 
.mask
By default LAN and WAN interfaces 
.are not activated
Configured with the clock 
rate command on the Serial cable end
.labeled DCE
.Optional description can be included

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 :address and subnet mask6 Configure interface with IPv

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 

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 It is not assigned to a physical port, it is considered a software interface that is 
.automatically in an UP state
.A loopback interface is useful for testing 
.It is important in the OSPF routing process 

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 Show commands are used to
verify operation and configuration
:of interface
show ip interfaces brief 
show ip route 
show running-config 
Show commands that are used to
gather more detailed interface
:information
show interfaces 
show ip interfaces 

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 :interface configuration6 Common commands to verify the IPv




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 Show command output can be managed using the following
:command and filters

:Parameters that can be used after pipe include 
section, include, exclude, begin •

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 The command history feature temporarily stores a list of executed
:commands for access

commands 10 By default, command history is enabled and the system captures the last 
.in the buffer

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 Routing Decisions 1.2

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 .A metric is the value used to measure the distance to a given network o
.Best path to a network is the path with the lowest metric o


Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - Hop count o
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - Cost based on cumulative bandwidth from source to o
destination
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) - Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability o

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 When a router has two or more paths to a destination with equal cost 
:metrics, then the router forwards the packets using both paths equally
.Equal cost load balancing can improve network performance o
Equal cost load balancing can be configured to use both dynamic routing protocols and o
.static routes

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 If multiple paths to a destination are configured on a router, the path 
installed in the routing table is the one with the lowest Administrative
:Distance (AD)
is more reliable than an EIGRP-discovered route with an 1 A static route with an AD of o
.90AD of
is more reliable than a static route with an AD 0 A directly connected route with an AD of o
.1of

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 Router Operation 1.3

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 :A routing table is a file stored in RAM that contains information about 
Directly connected routes o
Remote routes o

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 (.routes6 routes and all IOS releases for IPv4 or newer for IPv15 displayed in IOS ) o

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 Interpreting the entries in the routing table

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 A newly deployed router, without any configured interfaces, has an empty
.routing table

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 Static routes and default static routes can be implemented after
:directly connected interfaces are added to the routing table
.Static routes are manually configured o
.They define an explicit path between two networking devices o
.Static routes must be manually updated if the topology changes o
.Their benefits include improved security and control of resources o

A default static route is used when the routing table does not contain a o
.path for a destination network

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 Entering and Verifying a Static Route

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Dynamic routing is used by 
routers to share information
about the reachability and
.status of remote networks
It performs network 
discovery and maintains
.routing tables
Routers have converged 
after they have finished
exchanging and updating
.their routing tables

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 routing protocols 4 Cisco routers can support a variety of dynamic IPv
:including

Command in global configuration mode to determine which routing

.protocols are supported by the IOS

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 Routing Protocols6 IPv

routing protocols 6 Cisco routers can support a variety of dynamic IPv

:including

3OSPFv o

command to determine which routing protocols are supported

by the IOS

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 Chapter Summary 1.4

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.Describe the primary functions and features of a router 
Configure basic settings on a router to route between two directly-connected networks, 
.using CLI
.Verify connectivity between two networks that are directly connected to a router 
Explain how routers use information in data packets to make forwarding decisions in a 
.small to medium-sized business network
Explain the encapsulation and de-encapsulation process used by routers when switching 
.packets between interfaces
.Explain the path determination function of a router 
Explain how a router learns about remote networks when operating in a small to medium- 
.sized business network
.Explain how a router builds a routing table of directly connected networks 
.Explain how a router builds a routing table using static routes 
.Explain how a router builds a routing table using a dynamic routing protocol 

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