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    Cardiac Tamponade 2

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    Jethro Floyd Quinto
    Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid builds up in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, increasing pressure and preventing the heart from filling with blood properly. It occurs in three phases: initially the fluid causes ventricular stiffness, then the pressure rises above filling pressure reducing cardiac output, and finally output further decreases as pressures equalize. Symptoms include chest pain, distended neck veins, and decreased blood pressure. Echocardiography is the best diagnostic test to detect fluid around the heart. Treatment involves draining the fluid via pericardiocentesis or surgery.

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    Cardiac Tamponade 2

    Uploaded by

    Jethro Floyd Quinto
    443 views23 pages
    Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid builds up in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, increasing pressure and preventing the heart from filling with blood properly. It occurs in three phases: initially the fluid causes ventricular stiffness, then the pressure rises above filling pressure reducing cardiac output, and finally output further decreases as pressures equalize. Symptoms include chest pain, distended neck veins, and decreased blood pressure. Echocardiography is the best diagnostic test to detect fluid around the heart. Treatment involves draining the fluid via pericardiocentesis or surgery.

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    Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid builds up in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, increasing pressure and preventing the heart from filling with blood properly. It occurs in three phases: initially the fluid causes ventricular stiffness, then the pressure rises above filling pressure reducing cardiac output, and finally output further decreases as pressures equalize. Symptoms include chest pain, distended neck veins, and decreased blood pressure. Echocardiography is the best diagnostic test to detect fluid around the heart. Treatment involves draining the fluid via pericardiocentesis or surgery.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    443 views23 pages

    Cardiac Tamponade 2

    Uploaded by

    Jethro Floyd Quinto
    Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid builds up in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, increasing pressure and preventing the heart from filling with blood properly. It occurs in three phases: initially the fluid causes ventricular stiffness, then the pressure rises above filling pressure reducing cardiac output, and finally output further decreases as pressures equalize. Symptoms include chest pain, distended neck veins, and decreased blood pressure. Echocardiography is the best diagnostic test to detect fluid around the heart. Treatment involves draining the fluid via pericardiocentesis or surgery.

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    Shannen Whiddon

     Cardiactamponade is a condition in which


    cardiac filling is impeded by an external
    force.
     Cardiac tamponade is pressure on the
    heart that occurs when blood or fluid
    builds up in the space between the heart
    muscle (myocardium) and the outer
    covering sac of the heart (pericardium).
    This large collection of fluid raises the
    pressure in the pericardial sac,
    compresses the cardiac chambers, and
    prevents blood from entering the heart.
    (Osborn, Watson, Wraa, 2010)
     Phase 1
     The accumulation of pericardial fluid causes
    increased stiffness of the ventricle.
     Phase 2
     The pericardial pressure increases above the
    ventricular filling pressure, resulting in reduced
    cardiac output
     Phase 3
     A further decrease in cardiac output occurs due
    to equilibration of pericardial and LV filling
    pressures
     The client with congestive heart failure
    develops cardiac tamponade. Which of the
    following signs and symptoms would the
    nurse assess?
     A. Distant or muffled heart sounds
     B. Hypertension
     C. Bradycardia
     D. Increased urine output
     The client with congestive heart failure
    develops cardiac tamponade. Which of the
    following signs and symptoms would the
    nurse assess?
     A. Distant or muffled heart sounds
     B. Hypertension
     C. Bradycardia
     D. Increased urine output
     Signs and symptoms
     Chest pain, difficulty breathing, weak or absent
    peripheral pulses
     Pulsus paradoxus
     Abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure
    during inspiration (>10mmHg)
     Beck’s triad (3 D’s)
     Distended jugular veins
     Distant/muffled heart sounds
     Decreased arterial pressure
     Risk factors
     Heart surgery
     Dissecting aortic aneurysm
     Acute MI
     Hypothyroidism
     Pericarditis
     Injury to the heart
     End-stage lung cancer
     Radiation therapy to the chest
     Prevalence of disease
     Incidence rate: 2 in 10,000 in the U.S. (National
    Institute of Health, 2011).
     Approximately 2% of penetrating injuries are
    reported to result in tamponade
     1 year mortality rate of 76.5% in patients whose
    tamponade was caused by malignant disease
     13.3% mortality rate in patients without
    malignant disease
     Male-to-female ratio of 7:3
     HPI
     A 63 year old woman faints after experiencing
    the sudden onset of severe chest pain that
    radiates to her back.
     PMH
     Hypertension
     Assessment
     HR is 110 bpm and BP is 90/50
     Jugular veins distended
     Pulsus paradoxus
     Which diagnostic test is best at detecting
    cardiac tamponade?
     A. Chest X-ray
     B. Echocardiography
     C. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
     D. Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring
     Which diagnostic test is best at detecting
    cardiac tamponade?
     A. Chest X-ray
     B. Echocardiography
     C. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
     D. Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring
     Echocardiogram
     Best diagnostic tool
     Chest X-Ray
     Only helpful if there is at least 200mL of fluid in
    the pericardial sac
     ChestCT or MRI
     Coronary angiography
     ECG
     Pericardiocentesis
     Needle aspiration of blood or other fluid from
    the pericardial sac
     Surgical pericardiectomy or pericardial
    window
     Procedure to cut and remove part of the
    pericardium
     Fluids
    to maintain normal BP
     Oxygen to reduce the workload on the heart
     MUST TREAT THE CAUSE TO PREVENT
    RECURRENCE
     The role of medication therapy in cardiac
    tamponade is limited
     Occasionally dobutamine may be used to
    increase cardiac output
     Only drugs that do not cause an increase in
    systemic vascular resistance
     Often good if the condition is treated
    promptly
     Often comes back after treatment
     This is a medical emergency and if left
    untreated, the condition is rapidly and
    universally fatal
    Decreased cardiac output
    R/T decreased preload
    and afterload AEB weak or
    absent peripheral pulses
     Osborn, K., Watson, A., & Wraa, C. (2010). Medical-Surgical
    Nursing Preparation for Practice. Pearson Education.
     National Institute of Health (2012. May 14). Cardiac Tamponade.
    Retrieved from
    http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000194.htm
     Ross, G. and De Jong, M. (Feb., 1999). Emergency!: Pericardial
    Tamponade. The American Journal of Nursing. Retrieved from
    JSTOR.
     The British Medical Journal (1972. May 06). Tamponade After
    Acute Myocardial Infarction. Retrieved from JSTOR.
     Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011, April 29). Pericarditis. Retrieved from
    http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pericarditis/DS00505/DSECT
    ION=complications
     http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhbK9id
    e4E0

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