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All Possible Questions of All Unit. Question Set I & II With All Who Likely To Get Failed in Exam. Objective Questions 10 Each Day

The document discusses the central processing unit (CPU) and its components and functions. It covers: 1) The four main steps of a CPU's operation: fetch, decode, execute, and write back. 2) The different types of registers in a CPU, including general purpose registers, the instruction register (IR), program counter (PC), and more. 3) The role of the control unit in coordinating the fetching and executing of instructions according to the instruction set. 4) How the CPU interacts with memory through buffers like the memory address register (MAR) and memory data register (MDR).

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47 views21 pages

All Possible Questions of All Unit. Question Set I & II With All Who Likely To Get Failed in Exam. Objective Questions 10 Each Day

The document discusses the central processing unit (CPU) and its components and functions. It covers: 1) The four main steps of a CPU's operation: fetch, decode, execute, and write back. 2) The different types of registers in a CPU, including general purpose registers, the instruction register (IR), program counter (PC), and more. 3) The role of the control unit in coordinating the fetching and executing of instructions according to the instruction set. 4) How the CPU interacts with memory through buffers like the memory address register (MAR) and memory data register (MDR).

Uploaded by

vdparode
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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All possible questions of All

Unit.

Question set I & II with all


who likely to get failed in Exam.

Objective Questions 10 each


Day.
CPU Organization
Functional Units

Central
Input Processing
Unit (CPU)
Inter-
connect

Output Memory
Registers

Internal Bus Control


Unit
ALU
CPU
Fundamental Computer
Purpose
 To receive and store an ordered list of
instructions and then to execute these
instructions when told to do so in a serial
fashion with the end goal of achieving
something useful to the person(s) who
created and ordered the list.
CPU
 Function:
 To perform the following over and over again from
the moment power is turned on to the moment it is
removed:

 Fetch an instruction from memory


 Execute that instruction

 That’s it. Period.


Operation
 There are four step’s all CPU use in the operation.
 Fetch
 Retrieving Instruction from program memory by PC.
 Decode
 Instruction broken up in to parts.
 Opcode state which operation to perform.

 Execute
 Various portion of CPU are combine for operation.
 Write back
 Write result in either register Or in Main Memory.
CPU - ALU
CPU: Registers
 A register is a unit of storage inside a CPU, holding temporary
program data/instruction to be used in program execution.
 Two types of registers: general purpose and special purpose
registers.
 A general-purpose register is for general use in programming
 E.g.: storage of arguments
 A special-purpose register has specifically assigned function
 E.g.: accumulator, stack pointer (SP), program counter (PC)
 They are there to provide local storage inside a processor,
making program information locally accessible and hence faster
accesses. [Recall the Principle of Locality to enhance system
performance]
CPU - IR
 The instruction is typically brought in from a
place in memory (more later) and stored
temporarily in the CPU in a register called the
“Instruction Register”.
 The control block can then read the IR and
figure out where to get the operands for the
ALU, what to do with them (the function), and
then where to put the results.
 How does the CPU know where to get the
next instruction from?
CPU - PC
 There is a register in the CPU called the
“Program Counter” or PC.
 When your program is first executed, the PC
holds the address in memory of the first
instruction.
 Once the instruction has been fetched from
memory, the PC is incremented to point to the
next instruction.
CPU - Updated
CPU: Control Unit
 It is the “brain” or “coordinator” of the ISP
(instruction set processor) as it ensures that the
processor will behave exactly as defined by its
instruction set.
 The processor
 repeatedly fetches an instruction from the memory,
 interprets its functionality, and
 executes it.
 This activity is carried out in an Instruction
Fetch/Execute Cycle and is repeated once the
system power is turned on.
CPU - Updated
CPU - Memory
 The CPU interacts with the external
memory through a pair of buffers that are
usually hidden from the programmer.
 These are the Memory Address Register
(MAR) and the Memory Data Register
(MDR).
 These buffers are connected directly to the
pins on the chip that carry the address and
data signals to the external memory.
CPU - Updated
 Address registers provide flexibility by
allowing indirect addressing of memory
locations.
CPU - Updated
Instruction Cycle
CPU - FPU
 Floating Point Operations.
 Process Information represented in the form of
scientific notation.
 Allows the CPU to process very large and very
small numbers.
 Eg)
n = f * 10e
f = fraction (mantissa)
e = positive or negative exponent
FPU - IEEE Standard

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