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    2 - Chapter 5 Notes

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    Population growth can be limited by carrying capacity, which is influenced by several factors: - Birth rates, death rates, age structure, immigration, and emigration affect population growth. Exponential growth occurs when resources are abundant but slows to logistic growth as the population reaches carrying capacity. - Limiting factors like competition, predation, disease, and weather events regulate population size through density-dependent and density-independent effects. Density-dependent factors become more influential at high population densities.

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    2 - Chapter 5 Notes

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    Population growth can be limited by carrying capacity, which is influenced by several factors: - Birth rates, death rates, age structure, immigration, and emigration affect population growth. Exponential growth occurs when resources are abundant but slows to logistic growth as the population reaches carrying capacity. - Limiting factors like competition, predation, disease, and weather events regulate population size through density-dependent and density-independent effects. Density-dependent factors become more influential at high population densities.

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    Population growth can be limited by carrying capacity, which is influenced by several factors: - Birth rates, death rates, age structure, immigration, and emigration affect population growth. Exponential growth occurs when resources are abundant but slows to logistic growth as the population reaches carrying capacity. - Limiting factors like competition, predation, disease, and weather events regulate population size through density-dependent and density-independent effects. Density-dependent factors become more influential at high population densities.

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    56 views18 pages

    2 - Chapter 5 Notes

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    Population growth can be limited by carrying capacity, which is influenced by several factors: - Birth rates, death rates, age structure, immigration, and emigration affect population growth. Exponential growth occurs when resources are abundant but slows to logistic growth as the population reaches carrying capacity. - Limiting factors like competition, predation, disease, and weather events regulate population size through density-dependent and density-independent effects. Density-dependent factors become more influential at high population densities.

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    of 18

    JOURNAL QUESTION:

    • What limits population growth?


    Carrying capacity
    ONCE YOU HAVE FINISHED QUIZ:
    • Tear out workbook pages 72-74
    Chapter 5
    Populations
    1. Growth rate/Age Structure
    • A population’s growth rate determines
    whether the size of the population increases,
    decreases, or stays the same.

    • Age structure is the number of males and


    females of each age within a population.
    • This is important because most plants and animals
    cannot reproduce until they reach a certain age.
    What factors affect population growth?
    • Birthrate – populations grow if more individuals are
    born than die in any period of time. If birth rate =
    death rate the population will stay the same.
    • Death rate – If death rate is higher than birth rate
    the population will decline.
    • Immigration – when individuals move into a range.
    Population INCREASE
    • Emigration – when individuals move out of a range.
    Population DECREASE
    Exponential Growth
    *Exponential growth the
    larger a population gets
    the faster it grows.
    *occurs in nature only
    when there is plenty of
    food and space, and have
    no competition or
    predators.
    *For example, population
    explosions occur when
    bacteria or molds grow on
    a new source of food.
    Logistic Growth
    • Occurs when a populations growth slows and
    then stops, following a period of exponential
    growth.
    – EX: Growth rate can slow because the populations
    birth rate decreases.
    Carrying Capacity
    Limiting Factors
    • Limiting factor - is a factor that controls the
    growth of a population.
    – Limiting factors determine the carrying capacity of
    an environment for a species.
    • Competition
    • Predation
    • Parasitism
    • Unusual weather
    • Natural disasters
    Density-Dependent Factors
    • Operate strongly only when population
    density ( number) of organisms per unit area
    reach a certain level.
    • Include:
    – Competition, Predation, herbivory, parasitism,
    disease, and stress from over crowding.
    Density Dependent
    • Competition - when individuals compete for food.
    • Predation - predators and prey
    • Herbivory - effects herbivores on plants.
    • Parasitism and Disease - parasites and disease- causing
    organisms feed at the expense of their host, weakening
    them often causing disease of death.
    • Stress - some species fight amongst themselves if
    overcrowded. To much fighting causes high levels of
    stress and weakens the body.
    Density-Dependent Factors
    Population Regulation
    When a cause of death in a population is
    density dependent, deaths occur more
    quickly in a crowded population than in a
    sparse population.

    Limited resources, predation and disease


    result in higher rates of death in dense
    populations than in sparse populations.
    Density Independent Factors
    • Affect all populations in similar ways,
    regardless of population size and density.
    – Unusual weather (hurricanes, droughts)
    – Natural disasters (wild fire)
    • In response a population may CRASH. After the crash
    the population may build up again quickly, or it may
    stay low for some time.

    • Ex: A sever drought can kill off great numbers of fish in


    a river. Pg 141
    Population
    Size

    can be limited by
    density-independent
    factors such as
    Human Population Growth
    • Demography - the study of human population
    growth.

    • Birthrates, death rates, and the age structure


    of a population help predict why some
    countries have a high growth rate while other
    counties grow more slowly.
    Demographic Transition
    • A dramatic change from high birth rates and
    death rates to low birth rates and death rates.
    Male Female

    A
    G
    E

    Population

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