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Introduction To Process Control

Process control involves maintaining process variables like temperature, pressure, and flow at desired operating values. It provides safety, meets production specifications, complies with regulations, and improves economics. Examples discussed include using feedback to control outlet temperature of a continuously stirred tank by adjusting heat input or flow rate, and identifying that a furnace design lacks ability to lower temperature since power cannot be negative and heat loss is negligible.

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251 views7 pages

Introduction To Process Control

Process control involves maintaining process variables like temperature, pressure, and flow at desired operating values. It provides safety, meets production specifications, complies with regulations, and improves economics. Examples discussed include using feedback to control outlet temperature of a continuously stirred tank by adjusting heat input or flow rate, and identifying that a furnace design lacks ability to lower temperature since power cannot be negative and heat loss is negligible.

Uploaded by

ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Process Control


Outline
 Definition of process control.
 Incentives for using process control.
 Example on process control systems.
‘Definition of Process Control’:
 process control can be defined as: maintaining
process variables, temperatures, pressures, flows,
compositions, and the like at some desired
operating
value

Figure 1.1 Process control (a) shows the manual control of a simple heat exchanger process
loop and (b) automatic control of a heat exchanger process loop
Incentives for using process control
 ‘Process Control’ makes processes satisfy
following requirements.
◦ Safety
◦ Production specifications
◦ Environmental regulations
◦ Operational constraints
◦ Economics
1.1 Illustrative Examples
EX 1. Continuous stirred-tank heater 
Question ; Assume that inlet temperature changes with 
time. How can we ensure that T remains at or near the
set point TR?

Figure 1.1. Continuous stirred-tank heater.


 Possible Strategies
1. Measure T and adjust Q .
2. Measure Ti and adjust Q.
3. Measure T and adjust w.
4. Measure Ti and adjust w.
5. Measure T and Ti and adjust Q.
6. Measure T and Ti and adjust w.
7. Place a heat exchanger on the inlet stream.
8. Use a large tank.
 Classification
1 & 3; Feedback control
2 & 4; Feedfoward control
5 & 6; Feedfoward-Feedback control
7 & 8; Design change
• EX 2. Furnace using electrical power
 Question ; Can you find any problem in controlling the
following furnace process?
well insulated

y(t)
thermocouple
temperature
heating coil

thermocouple

SCR unit + u(t)


-
SCR unit input
thermocouple

+ -
power

Figure 1.2. Furnace using electrical power


• EX 2. Furnace using electrical power
 Question Can you find any problem in controlling the
following furnace process?
well insulated

y(t)
thermocouple
temperature
heating coil

thermocouple

SCR unit + u(t)


-
SCR unit input
thermocouple

+ -
power

Figure 1.2. Furnace using electrical power

 There is no way to decrease the temperature!


• The power cannot be negative.
• The heat loss is nearly zero.

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