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    Atoms:: Development of The Atomic Theory

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    Jamie Baczewski
    The document traces the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus who proposed the existence of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Rutherford, Bohr, Schrodinger, and Chadwick who discovered subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons and developed models of atomic structure. The modern theory holds that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with the number of protons determining the element and the sum of protons and neutrons determining atomic mass.

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    Atoms:: Development of The Atomic Theory

    Uploaded by

    Jamie Baczewski
    36 views18 pages
    The document traces the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus who proposed the existence of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Rutherford, Bohr, Schrodinger, and Chadwick who discovered subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons and developed models of atomic structure. The modern theory holds that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with the number of protons determining the element and the sum of protons and neutrons determining atomic mass.

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    The document traces the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus who proposed the existence of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Rutherford, Bohr, Schrodinger, and Chadwick who discovered subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons and developed models of atomic structure. The modern theory holds that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with the number of protons determining the element and the sum of protons and neutrons determining atomic mass.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    36 views18 pages

    Atoms:: Development of The Atomic Theory

    Uploaded by

    Jamie Baczewski
    The document traces the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus who proposed the existence of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Rutherford, Bohr, Schrodinger, and Chadwick who discovered subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons and developed models of atomic structure. The modern theory holds that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with the number of protons determining the element and the sum of protons and neutrons determining atomic mass.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    Atoms:

    Development of the
    Atomic Theory
    Democritus

     460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes


    the existence of the atom

     He pounded materials until he made


    them into smaller and smaller parts

     He called them atoma which is Greek


    for “indivisible”.
    Democritus
     His Theory:
    All atoms:
     Are small hard particles

     Are made of a single material formed into


    different shapes and sizes

     Are always moving, and they form


    different materials by joining together
    John Dalton

     1803 - British chemist; elements


    combine in specific proportions to form
    compounds

    Solid Sphere Model or


    Bowling Ball Model
    Proposed by John Dalton
    John Dalton
     His Theory:
     All substances are made of atoms that
    cannot be created, divided, or destroyed.

     Atoms join with other atoms to make new


    substances.

     Atoms of the same element are exactly


    alike, and atoms of different elements are
    different in mass and size.
    J.J. Thomson
     1897 - English chemist and physicist;
    discovered 1st subatomic particles

    Plum Pudding Model or


    Raisin Bun Model
    Proposed by J.J. Thomson
    J.J. Thomson
     His Theory:
     Atoms contain negatively charged
    particles called electrons and positively
    charged matter.

     Created a model to describe the atom as a


    sphere filled with positive matter with
    negative particles mixed in

     Referred to it as the plum pudding model


    Ernest Rutherford
     1912 - New Zealand physicist
    discovered the nucleus

    Nuclear Model
    Proposed by Ernest
    Rutherford
    Ernest Rutherford

     His Theory:
     Small, dense, positively charged particle
    present in nucleus called a proton

     Electrons travel around the nucleus, but


    their exact places cannot be described.
    Niels Bohr
     1913 - Danish physicist; discovered
    energy levels

    Bohr Model or Planetary


    Model
    Proposed by Niels Bohr
    Niels Bohr
     His Theory:
     Electrons travel around the nucleus in
    definite paths and fixed distances.

     Electrons can jump from one level to a


    path in another level.
    Erwin Shrodinger
     1924 - Austrian physicist; developed
    the electron cloud model

    Electron Cloud Model


    Proposed by Erwin
    Schrodinger
    Erwin Shrodinger

     His Theory:
     The exact path of electrons cannot be
    predicted.

     The region referred to as the electron


    cloud, is an area where electrons can
    likely be found.
    James Chadwick
     1932 - English physicist; discovered
    neutrons
     His Theory:
     Neutrons have no electrical charge.
     Neutrons have a mass nearly equal to the
    mass of a proton.
     Unit of measurement for subatomic
    particles is the atomic mass unit (amu).
    Modern Theory of the Atom
     Atoms are composed of three main
    subatomic particles: the electron, proton, and
    neutron.

     Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated


    in the nucleus of the atom.
    Modern Theory of the Atom
     The protons and neutrons are located within
    the nucleus, while the electrons exist
    outside of the nucleus.

     In stable atoms, the number of protons is


    equal to the number of electrons.
    Modern Theory of the Atom
     The type of atom is determined by the
    number of protons it has.

     The number of protons in an atom is equal to


    the atomic number.
    Modern Theory of the Atom

     The sum of the number of protons and


    neutrons in a particular atom is called the
    atomic mass.

     Valence electrons are the outermost


    electrons.

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