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    Actinomycosis, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Syphilis, Noma

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    Aroosha Masood
    This document provides information on various oral infections including actinomycosis, tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, and noma. It describes the causative bacteria, clinical features, histopathology, and treatment for each condition. Actinomycosis presents as draining sinuses in the jaws containing sulfur granules. Tuberculosis causes chronic ulcers and lymph node swelling. Leprosy results in facial disfigurement. Syphilis presents in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms affecting the lips, tongue, and palate. Noma is an opportunistic infection seen in malnourished children.

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    Actinomycosis, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Syphilis, Noma

    Uploaded by

    Aroosha Masood
    53 views37 pages
    This document provides information on various oral infections including actinomycosis, tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, and noma. It describes the causative bacteria, clinical features, histopathology, and treatment for each condition. Actinomycosis presents as draining sinuses in the jaws containing sulfur granules. Tuberculosis causes chronic ulcers and lymph node swelling. Leprosy results in facial disfigurement. Syphilis presents in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms affecting the lips, tongue, and palate. Noma is an opportunistic infection seen in malnourished children.

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    bacterial infections oral pathology

    Original Title

    Bacterial Infections

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    This document provides information on various oral infections including actinomycosis, tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, and noma. It describes the causative bacteria, clinical features, histopathology, and treatment for each condition. Actinomycosis presents as draining sinuses in the jaws containing sulfur granules. Tuberculosis causes chronic ulcers and lymph node swelling. Leprosy results in facial disfigurement. Syphilis presents in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms affecting the lips, tongue, and palate. Noma is an opportunistic infection seen in malnourished children.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    53 views37 pages

    Actinomycosis, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Syphilis, Noma

    Uploaded by

    Aroosha Masood
    This document provides information on various oral infections including actinomycosis, tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, and noma. It describes the causative bacteria, clinical features, histopathology, and treatment for each condition. Actinomycosis presents as draining sinuses in the jaws containing sulfur granules. Tuberculosis causes chronic ulcers and lymph node swelling. Leprosy results in facial disfigurement. Syphilis presents in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms affecting the lips, tongue, and palate. Noma is an opportunistic infection seen in malnourished children.

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    of 37

    ACTINOMYCOSIS, TUBERCULOSIS,

    LEPROSY, SYPHILIS, NOMA


    EPITHELIAL CELLS OF ORAL
    MUCOSA
    STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
    EPITHELIUM
    FIBROBLASTS
    FAT CELLS
    INFLAMMATORY CELLS
    INFLAMMATORY CELLS
    INFLAMMATORY CELLS
    ACTINOMYCES
     Causative bacteria: filamentous, anaerobic
    gram positive Actinomyces israelii
     A part of normal oral flora present in dental
    caries
     Predisposing factors include trauma or surgical
    procedure allowing the bacteria to invade an
    anaerobic area
     Site of involvement: upper neck, jaws, perioral
    area
     CLINICAL FEATURES
     Deep suppurative abcess with draining sinuses
     Purulent exudate containing “sulphur granules”
    ACTINOMYCES
     Initially infection is acute
    causing pain and swelling
     Causes osteomyelitis in
    jaw bone
     The soft tissue abcess
    drain through sinus tracts
     The sulphur granules in
    the exudate is actually
    calcified bacterial
    colonies
    ACTINOMYCES
     HISTOPATHOLOGY
     Central portion of abcess
    contains purulent exudate
     Multiple calcified colonies of
    filamentous bacteria
     The central portion of colony is
    basophilic and periphery is
    eiosinophilic
     The bacterial filaments are
    arranged in a radiating pattern at
    the periphery of the colony
     “Rosette pattern” “Sunburst”
    pattern of arrangement
    ACTINOMYCES
     TREATMENT
     Surgical debridement and drainage of sinus
    TUBERCULOSIS
     Causative bacteria: Acid fast Mycobacterium
    tuborculosis
     Chronic granulomatous infection of lungs
     2 types of infection: primary and secondary
     Oral lesions associated with secondary TB
    TUBERCULOSIS
     MODE OF SPREAD

    PRIMARY MACROPHAGES Disemination


    • Aerosole • Phagocytosed • Lysis of infected cell
    • Lungs • Replication • Spread to organs
    TUBERCULOSIS
     CLINICAL FEATURES
     Chronic ulcer with
    indurated borders
     Tosillar swelling
     May involve bone
     Cervical lymph nodes
     May relate to
    osteomyelitis
    TUBERCULOSIS
     HISTOPATHOLOGY
     Granulomatous inflammation
     Granulomas are composed of a collection of
    epitheloid cells
     Langhan giant cells present
     Central areas of granulomas show caseous necrosis
     Long standing granulomas show fibroblast at
    periphery along with numerous lymphocytes
    TUBERCULOSIS
    TUBERCULOSIS
    TUBERCULOSIS
     TREATMENT
     Isoniazid
     Rifampicin
    LEPROSY
     Also known as HANSEN’S
    DISEASE
     Caused by Mycobacterium leprae
     Moderately contageious
     Two forms of leprosy:
     Tuberculoid leprosy
     Lepromatous leprosy
     Tuberculoid type is a limited
    form constituting of
    erythematous skin eruptions
    along with peripheral nerve
    involvement leading to sensory
    loss
    LEPROSY
     Lepromatous leprosy
    produces severe disfigurement
    of face. It causes collapse of
    nasal bridge and disfigurement
    of hands
     In oral cavity, ant maxilla, lip
    and tongue involved is seen
     Maxillary damage can lead to
    breathing problems
    LEPROSY
     HISTOPATHOLGY
     Granulomatous inflammation
     Multinucleated giant cells and
    macrophages seen
     Inflammatory cells infiltrate
    the nerves
     Bacteria present in the
    macrophages
     TL shows well formed
    granulomas where as LL shows
    poor granuloma formation
    LEPROSY
     Diagnosis depends upon history of contact with an
    infected patient
     TREATMENT
     Chemotherapeutic drugs including dapsone, rifampin
    etc
    SYPHILIS
     Traponema pallidium
     Mode of transmission: sexual contact, infected
    mother to child
     Occur in four forms:
     Primary
     Secondary
     Tertiary
     Congenital
    PRIMARY SYPHILIS
     After 3_4 weeks of primary infection
     Lip and tip of tongue

    Surface Ulcer
    Firm nodule
    breaks down (chancre)
    PRIMARY SYPHILIS
     Painless chancer
    resembling a carcinoma
    clinically
     Painless
     Regional
    lymphadenopathy
     Treatment most effective at
    this stage
     After 8 to 9 weeks, healing
    occurs
    SECONDARY SYPHILIS
     1 to 4 months after infection
     Mild systemic effects like fever, sore
    throat etc
     Initially a rash occurs, consisting of
    coppery macules
     Usually give rise to flat ulcers covered
    by grayish membrane
     Snail track ulcers or mucous patches
     Discharge from ulcers containing
    spirochetes
    TERTIARY SYPHILIS
     3 or more years after infection
     GUMMA is the characteristic
    lesion
     Palate, tongue and tonsil
     Gumma begins as a swelling
    with yellowish centre, which
    undergoes necrosis leaving an
    indolent ulcer
     Ulcer has punched out edges
     Floor has a leathery appearance
    TERTIARY SYPHILIS
     Gumma after undergoing
    necrosis can cause scarring
     If present in the palate ,it
    may distort the palate
    leading to its perforations
    in the palate
    CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
     Due to transplacental infections
     If severe, it can lead to death of infant
     Less severe forms do not appear for 12 months
     Initially a rash, leading to destruction of
    bones,nerves.
     Hutchinson triad consisting of blindness, deafness
    and dental anomalies
     Screwdriver incisors, mulberry molars important
    dental anomalies
    CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
    SYPHILIS
     DIAGNOSIS:
     Screening tests like VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH
    LABORATORY test, RAPID PLASMA ANTIGEN test
    most frequently used
     FTA-ABS most effective
     Immunoflorescent staining
     TREATMENT:
     Pencilline G benzathine
    NOMA (CANCRUM ORIS)
     Noma means “to devour”
     Rapidly progressive, opportunistic infection caused
    by normal flora components including
    fusobacterium, provetella etc
     PREDISPOSING FACTORS
     Poverty
     Poor oral hygiene
     Poor sanitation
     Malnutrition
     malignancy
    NOMA (CANCRUM ORIS)
     Recent illness
     Immunodeficiency disorder
     CLINICAL FEATURES:
     Children 1 to 10 yrs of age
     Begins in gingiva as NUG
     NUG extends either in bone or soft tissue causing NUM
     Greyish to bluish black discolouration of overlying skin
     Necrosis in theses areas
     Fetid odour, pain, fever, malaise etc
     Scalp, neck, face, ear and shoulders
    NOMA (CANCRUM ORIS)
    NOMA (CANCRUM ORIS)
     TEATMENT:
     Penicillin
     Metronidazole

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