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    Hipersensitivit AS: Dr. Safari Wahyu Jatmiko

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    Xarisma Dafa
    This document discusses the four main types of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions: Type I reactions occur rapidly after exposure to an antigen and involve IgE antibodies binding to mast cells. Type II reactions involve IgG or IgM antibodies lysing antigenic cells. Type III reactions involve immune complex deposition in tissues causing inflammation. Type IV reactions are delayed cell-mediated responses involving T memory cells. Treatment focuses on inhibiting the inflammatory response specific to each reaction type.

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    Hipersensitivit AS: Dr. Safari Wahyu Jatmiko

    Uploaded by

    Xarisma Dafa
    32 views22 pages
    This document discusses the four main types of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions: Type I reactions occur rapidly after exposure to an antigen and involve IgE antibodies binding to mast cells. Type II reactions involve IgG or IgM antibodies lysing antigenic cells. Type III reactions involve immune complex deposition in tissues causing inflammation. Type IV reactions are delayed cell-mediated responses involving T memory cells. Treatment focuses on inhibiting the inflammatory response specific to each reaction type.

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    This document discusses the four main types of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions: Type I reactions occur rapidly after exposure to an antigen and involve IgE antibodies binding to mast cells. Type II reactions involve IgG or IgM antibodies lysing antigenic cells. Type III reactions involve immune complex deposition in tissues causing inflammation. Type IV reactions are delayed cell-mediated responses involving T memory cells. Treatment focuses on inhibiting the inflammatory response specific to each reaction type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views22 pages

    Hipersensitivit AS: Dr. Safari Wahyu Jatmiko

    Uploaded by

    Xarisma Dafa
    This document discusses the four main types of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions: Type I reactions occur rapidly after exposure to an antigen and involve IgE antibodies binding to mast cells. Type II reactions involve IgG or IgM antibodies lysing antigenic cells. Type III reactions involve immune complex deposition in tissues causing inflammation. Type IV reactions are delayed cell-mediated responses involving T memory cells. Treatment focuses on inhibiting the inflammatory response specific to each reaction type.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    HIPERSENSITIVIT

    AS
    Dr. Safari Wahyu Jatmiko
    DEFINISI

    Hypersensitivity (Allergy): An abnormal


    response to antigens.
    Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions
    • Occur within minutes of exposure to antigen
    • Antigens combine with IgE antibodies
    • IgE binds to mast cells and basophils, causing them to undergo
    degranulation and release several mediators:
    • Histamine: Dilates and increases permeability of blood vessels
    (swelling and redness), increases mucus secretion (runny nose),
    smooth muscle contraction (bronchi).
    • Prostaglandins: Contraction of smooth muscle of respiratory
    system and increased mucus secretion.
    • Leukotrienes: Bronchial spasms.
    • Anaphylactic shock: Massive drop in blood pressure. Can be fatal in
    minutes.
    Type II (Cytotoxic) Reactions
    • Involve activation of complement by IgG or IgM binding to
    an antigenic cell.
    • Antigenic cell is lysed.
    • Transfusion reactions:
    • ABO Blood group system: Type O is universal donor.
    Incompatible donor cells are lysed as they enter
    bloodstream.
    • Rh Blood Group System: 85% of population is Rh
    positive. Those who are Rh negative can be sensitized
    to destroy Rh positive blood cells.
    • Hemolytic disease of newborn: Fetal cells are
    destroyed by maternal anti-Rh antibodies that cross
    the placenta.
    • Disebut juga sitotoksik atau sitolitik  tjd karena
    dibentuk antibodi jenis IgG atau IgM
    Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions
    • Involve reactions against soluble antigens circulating in
    serum.
    • Usually involve IgA antibodies.
    • Antibody-Antigen immune complexes are deposited in
    organs, activate complement, and cause inflammatory
    damage.
    • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammatory kidney damage.
    • Occurs with slightly high antigen-antibody ratio is present.
    Immune Complex Mediated Hypersensitivity
    Type III hypersensitivity reactions (Arthus Reaction) - Ab-Ag Complexes

    Critical mediators appear to be C5a-receptor and FcgRIII--probably present on mast cells


    Type IV (Cell-Mediated) Reactions
    • Involve reactions by T memory cells.
    • First contact sensitizes person.
    • Subsequent contacts elicit a reaction.
    • Reactions are delayed by one or more days (delayed type
    hypersensitivity).
    • Delay is due to migration of macrophages and T cells to
    site of foreign antigens.
    • Reactions are frequently displayed on the skin: itching,
    redness, swelling, pain.
    • Tuberculosis skin test
    • Poison ivy
    • Metals
    • Latex in gloves and condoms (3% of health care
    workers)
    • Anaphylactic shock may occur.
    PENGOBATAN REAKSI
    HIPERSENSITIVITAS
    • Tipe I : Inhibiting Mast Cell Degranulation, antagonizing mast cell
    mediator, and reducing inflamation
    • Tipe II dan III : reducing inflamation and tissue destruction
    • Tipe IV : reducing inflamation and antagonizing cytokines

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