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    Example Euler Method

    Uploaded by

    Sehry Syed
    The document provides the differential equation and initial conditions for modeling the cooling of a ball initially at 1200K in air at 300K. It uses Euler's method with a step size of 240 seconds to calculate the temperature of the ball at 480 seconds, obtaining a result of 110.32K. It also provides the exact solution of 647.57K for comparison to the numerical approximation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Example Euler Method

    Uploaded by

    Sehry Syed
    245 views11 pages
    The document provides the differential equation and initial conditions for modeling the cooling of a ball initially at 1200K in air at 300K. It uses Euler's method with a step size of 240 seconds to calculate the temperature of the ball at 480 seconds, obtaining a result of 110.32K. It also provides the exact solution of 647.57K for comparison to the numerical approximation.

    Original Description:

    Eular method to solve mathematical equations

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    The document provides the differential equation and initial conditions for modeling the cooling of a ball initially at 1200K in air at 300K. It uses Euler's method with a step size of 240 seconds to calculate the temperature of the ball at 480 seconds, obtaining a result of 110.32K. It also provides the exact solution of 647.57K for comparison to the numerical approximation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    245 views11 pages

    Example Euler Method

    Uploaded by

    Sehry Syed
    The document provides the differential equation and initial conditions for modeling the cooling of a ball initially at 1200K in air at 300K. It uses Euler's method with a step size of 240 seconds to calculate the temperature of the ball at 480 seconds, obtaining a result of 110.32K. It also provides the exact solution of 647.57K for comparison to the numerical approximation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Example

    A ball at 1200K is allowed to cool down in air at an ambient temperature


    of 300K. Assuming heat is lost only due to radiation, the differential
    equation for the temperature of the ball is given by
    d
    dt
     
     2.2067 10 12  4  81108 ,  0  1200 K

    Find the temperature at t  480 seconds using Euler’s method. Assume a step size of
    h  240 seconds.

    1
    Solution
    Step 1:
    d
    dt

     2.2067  10 12  4  81 10 8 

    f t ,   2.2067 10 12  4  81108 
     i 1   i  f ti , i h
    1   0  f t0 ,  0 h
     1200  f 0,1200240
     
     1200   2.2067 10 12 1200 4  81108 240 
     1200   4.5579240
     106.09 K
    1 is the approximate temperature at t  t1  t0  h  0  240  240
     240  1  106.09K
    2
    Solution Cont
    Step 2: For i  1, t1  240, 1  106.09

     2  1  f t1 , 1 h
     106.09  f 240,106.09 240
     
     106.09   2.2067 10 12 106.09 4  81 108 240
     106.09  0.017595240
     110.32 K

     2 is the approximate temperature at t  t2  t1  h  240  240  480


     480  2  110.32K

    3
    Solution Cont

    The exact solution of the ordinary differential equation is given by the


    solution of a non-linear equation as
      300
    0.92593 ln  1.8519 tan 1 0.00333   0.22067 10 3 t  2.9282
      300

    The solution to this nonlinear equation at t=480 seconds is

     (480)  647.57 K

    4
    Comparison of Exact and
    Numerical Solutions
    1400

    1200
    Temperature, θ(K)

    1000
    Exact Solution
    800

    600

    400
    h=240
    200

    0
    0 100 200 300 400 500
    Time, t(sec)

    Figure 3. Comparing exact and Euler’s method

    5
    Effect of step size
    Table 1. Temperature at 480 seconds as a function of step size, h

    Step, h (480)
    480 −987.81
    240 110.32
    120 546.77
    60 614.97
    30 632.77

     (480)  647.57 K (exact)

    6
    Comparison with exact results
    1500

    1000 Exact solution


    Temperature, θ(K)

    500
    h=120
    h=240
    0
    0 100 200 300 400 500
    -500
    Tim e, t (sec) h=480
    -1000

    -1500

    Figure 4. Comparison of Euler’s method with exact solution for different step sizes

    7 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
    Effects of step size on Euler’s
    Method
    800

    400
    Temperature,θ(K)

    0
    0 100 200 300 400 500
    -400
    Step size, h (s)
    -800

    -1200

    Figure 5. Effect of step size in Euler’s method.

    8 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
    Errors in Euler’s Method
    It can be seen that Euler’s method has large errors. This can be illustrated using
    Taylor series.
    1 d2y 1 d3y
    y i 1  y i 
    dy
    xi 1  xi   2
     x i 1  x i 2
     3
     x i 1  x i 3
     ...
    dx xi , yi 2! dx x , y 3! dx x , y
    i i i i

    yi 1  yi  f ( xi , yi )xi 1  xi   f ' ( xi , yi )xi 1  xi   f ' ' ( xi , yi ) xi 1  xi   ...


    1 2 1 3

    2! 3!
    As you can see the first two terms of the Taylor series

    yi 1  yi  f xi , yi h are the Euler’s method.

    The true error in the approximation is given by


    f xi , yi  2 f xi , yi  3 Et  h 2
    Et  h  h  ...
    2! 3!
    9 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
    Additional Resources
    For all resources on this topic such as digital audiovisual
    lectures, primers, textbook chapters, multiple-choice
    tests, worksheets in MATLAB, MATHEMATICA, MathCad
    and MAPLE, blogs, related physical problems, please
    visit

    http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/topics/euler_meth
    od.html
    THE END

    http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu

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