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Biochemical Power Point Chapter One

This document provides an overview of biochemical engineering and bioprocesses. It discusses how biochemical engineering applies chemical engineering principles to biological systems using biocatalysts. The key steps in a bioprocess are described as upstream processing including inoculation and growth, the fermentation or biocatalysis reaction, and downstream processing for product recovery. Various types of biotechnology applications are also summarized such as red, white, green, and blue biotechnology.

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Estifa negash
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173 views22 pages

Biochemical Power Point Chapter One

This document provides an overview of biochemical engineering and bioprocesses. It discusses how biochemical engineering applies chemical engineering principles to biological systems using biocatalysts. The key steps in a bioprocess are described as upstream processing including inoculation and growth, the fermentation or biocatalysis reaction, and downstream processing for product recovery. Various types of biotechnology applications are also summarized such as red, white, green, and blue biotechnology.

Uploaded by

Estifa negash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course outline

Cont…
Chapter one
What is Biochemical Engineering?
• It is the extension of chemical engineering principles to systems using a
biological catalyst to bring about desired chemical transformations
• Concerned with conducting biological processes (bioprocesses) on an
industrial scale
• Design an effective bioreactor to cultivate the cells in the most optimum
conditions
• Its important for commercialization of biotechnology
• Links biological science with chemical engineering
Cont…
Biotechnology
Its a Commercial techniques that use living
organisms(microorganisms), or substances
from those organisms, to make or modify a
product…..” (US congress, 1984)

Its Lab. Scale process


Cont…
• Is the use of living systems and organisms to
develop or make useful products,
• or "any technological application that uses
biological systems, living organisms or
derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or
processes for specific use"
• The application of biological organisms, systems,
or processes by various industries to learning
about the science of life and the improvement of
the value of materials and organisms such as
pharmaceuticals, crops, and livestock.
Application area
• Biotechnology has applications in four major
industrial areas, including ;
health care (medical),
crop production and agriculture,
non food (industrial) uses of crops and other products
(e.g. biodegradable plastics, biofuels),
environmental uses.
Cont…
• one application of biotechnology is the directed
use of organisms for the manufacture of organic
products (examples include beer and milk
products).
• Another example is using naturally present
bacteria by the mining industry in bioleaching.
and it is also used to recycle, treat waste, cleanup
sites contaminated by industrial activities
(bioremediation), and also to produce biological
weapons
Cont…
• Biotechnology has contributed to the discovery
and manufacturing of traditional small molecule
pharmaceutical drugs as well as drugs that are the
product of biotechnology - biopharmaceutics.
• Modern biotechnology can be used to
manufacture existing medicines relatively easily
and cheaply.
 Pharmacogenomics (a combination of
pharmacology and genomics) is the technology
that analyses how genetic makeup affects an
individual's response to drugs.
Cont…
• Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests,
diseases, stressful environmental conditions, resistance to
chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide reduction of
spoilage, or improving the nutrient profile of the crop.

• Biotechnology is the research and development in the laboratory using


bioinformatics for exploration, extraction, exploitation and production
from any living organisms and any source of biomass by means of
biochemical engineering.
Some branches of biotechnology
• Blue biotechnology is a term that has been used
to describe the marine and aquatic applications of
biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.
• Green biotechnology
• applied to agricultural processes.
An example would be the selection and
domestication of plants and the designing of
transgenic plants to grow under specific
environments in the presence (or absence) of
chemicals.
Cont…
• Red biotechnology is applied to medical
processes.
Some examples are the designing of organisms
to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of
genetic cures through genetic manipulation.
• White biotechnology, also known as industrial
biotechnology, is applied to industrial processes.
An example is the designing of an organism to
produce a useful chemical.
Cont…
• And the using of enzymes as industrial
catalysts either to produce valuable chemicals
or destroy hazardous/polluting chemicals.
• Biotechnology uses renewable raw materials
and may contribute to lowering greenhouse gas
emissions and moving away from a
petrochemical-based economy.
Cont…
Bioprocess
• “a bioprocess may be defined as any process
that uses complete living cells or their
components (e.g., enzymes, chloroplasts) to
effect desired physical or chemical changes”.
• a bioprocess consists of a cell culture in a
bioreactor, which is a process able to create an
optimal growth environment.
Cont…

Application of biological sciences in industrial


processes.

Deals with the manufacture of biochemicals,


biopharmaceuticals, foods, nutraceuticals, and
agrochemicals
Cont…
• Consists of feedstock pretreatment, fermentation or
biocatalysis, and downstream processing or bio-
separation for product recovery and purification
• Biochemical engineers and Biological scientists need to
work together to carry out a bioprocess on a large scale
To obtain the best biological catalysts; enzymes
To create the best bioprocess operating environment
To separate the desired products; downstream process
Cont…

• Bioprocess engineering: is required for developing


various products by adopting biotransformation,
enzymatic reaction , various type of fermentations and
by selecting suitable media.
• Most of bioprocesses carried out in batch process.
• Computer aided bioreactors are useful in understanding
the fate of various process parameters.
• A living cell is a highly complex system which is often
defined as the smallest autonomous biological unit. Its
main tasks are to maintain itself alive, to reproduce and
to manage itself.
Microorganism cell preparation

Fig Typical biological process

Medium preparation
Cont….
 preparation of inoculums and medium,
 inoculum scale up,
Upstream  inoculating the inoculums in the culture
process media/bioreactor,
 controlling of pH and temperature

Production of:
Bioprocess Microbial cells (biomass) e.g bakery yeast, SCP
(Fermentation) Microbial metabolites e.g alcohols, organic acids
Microbial enzymes e.g invertase, lipase
 Recombinant products

 Removal of insolubles
Downstream
 Product isolation, purification and polishing
process
 Effluent treatment
Cont…
In the development and design of biological process, the basic questions that
need to be asked are:
1. What change can be expected to occur?
 microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics etc
2. How fast will the process take place?
 Enzyme and Cell Kinetics
3. How can the system be operated and controlled for the maximum
yield?
 Optimum operating condition
 On-line sensing device
4. How can the products be separated with maximum purity and minimum
cost?
 Downstream processing (bioseparation)
Biological process
Advantages Disadvantages

Mild reaction condition Complex product mixtures

Specificity Dilute aqueous environment

Effectiveness Contamination

Renewable resource variability

Recombinant DNA technology


Industrial products produced by biological process

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