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    Done by Srikanth Girish XE 13

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    Srikanth Girish
    Earthquakes are caused by the release of energy from the movement of tectonic plates. Most occur along faults, where the buildup of strain causes the rock to suddenly fracture and move, sending seismic waves through the Earth. The focus is the initial point of rupture, located below ground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which record seismic waves to determine location, based on timing, and magnitude, based on energy released. Hazards include fire, liquefaction, and tsunamis caused by undersea quakes.

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    Done by Srikanth Girish XE 13

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    Srikanth Girish
    22 views15 pages
    Earthquakes are caused by the release of energy from the movement of tectonic plates. Most occur along faults, where the buildup of strain causes the rock to suddenly fracture and move, sending seismic waves through the Earth. The focus is the initial point of rupture, located below ground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which record seismic waves to determine location, based on timing, and magnitude, based on energy released. Hazards include fire, liquefaction, and tsunamis caused by undersea quakes.

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    Earthquake

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    Earthquakes are caused by the release of energy from the movement of tectonic plates. Most occur along faults, where the buildup of strain causes the rock to suddenly fracture and move, sending seismic waves through the Earth. The focus is the initial point of rupture, located below ground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which record seismic waves to determine location, based on timing, and magnitude, based on energy released. Hazards include fire, liquefaction, and tsunamis caused by undersea quakes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views15 pages

    Done by Srikanth Girish XE 13

    Uploaded by

    Srikanth Girish
    Earthquakes are caused by the release of energy from the movement of tectonic plates. Most occur along faults, where the buildup of strain causes the rock to suddenly fracture and move, sending seismic waves through the Earth. The focus is the initial point of rupture, located below ground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which record seismic waves to determine location, based on timing, and magnitude, based on energy released. Hazards include fire, liquefaction, and tsunamis caused by undersea quakes.

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    of 15

    DONE BY

    SRIKANTH GIRISH
    XE
    13
    WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE?
     The shaking of the earth’s crust caused by a
    release of energy.

     Earthquakes can be caused by:


     1. Eruption of a volcano
     2. Collapse of a cavern
     3. Impact of a meteorite
     4. Strain built up along boundaries between plates
    A FAULT IS…
     A break in the lithosphere along which
    movement has occurred. Most
    earthquakes occur in this way.
     Friction between plates prevents them from moving,
    so strain builds up. The rock deforms. Eventually,
    the strain becomes great enough that the rock moves,
    and returns to normal shape. This causes an
    earthquake (elastic rebound theory).
    CONTD…
     Focus: the point at which the rock first breaks
    and moves in an earthquake. Below the
    surface.
     Epicenter: the point on the earth’s surface
    directly above the focus.
    Seismic Waves
     The energy released in an earthquake travels in
    waves. There are three types:

     Primary waves (P waves)


     Secondary waves (S waves)
     Surface waves (Love and
    Rayleigh)
    MEASURING EARTHQUAKES
     Seismograph:
    Instrument used to
    measure an
    Earthquake

     Seismogram:
    The paper
    record of the
    Earthquake data
    (shaking) is
    called a
    seismogram
     The S-P Time
    Interval is the
    time between
    the start of the
    p wave and the
    s wave.
    LOCATING EARTHQUAKE
     If you know the distance an earthquake occurred
    from at least three different seismic stations,
    you can determine the location of the epicenter.
     Triangulation:

    Using the S-P


    time interval
    data from 3
    stations to
    determine the
    epicenter
    EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE: STRENGTH
    MEASURED BY THE AMOUNT OF RELEASED ENERGY

    • Richter Scale by Charles


    Richter
    • Each increase in number
    represents 10x an increase in
    power.
    • Example: a 4.0 is ten times
    stronger than a 3.0
    EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
     Fire:Causes the most damage in an
    Earthquake, some utility lines and roads get
    damaged

     Liquefaction: When the ground turns to


    quicksand due to the shaking

     Tsunamis: Are caused by underwater


    earthquakes that make a big wave.
    PRECAUTION
     ・Be prepared and protect yourself from an
    earthquake when you hear an earthquake
    warning announcement or feel a quake.
    ・Stay under a large table until a quake is gone.
    Keep yourself safe from falling or moving objects
    during a quake.
    【High-rise Building with 10 or More Floors】
    ・Upper floors may be shaken for several
    minutes.
    ・Large, slow shakes may let the furniture fall
    down or move across the room.

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