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Control Unit and Design

Control unit and design of computer system. 1- Hardwired Control Unit 2- Microprogrammable Control Unit

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Gagandeep Bansal
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133 views

Control Unit and Design

Control unit and design of computer system. 1- Hardwired Control Unit 2- Microprogrammable Control Unit

Uploaded by

Gagandeep Bansal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTROL UNIT

AND DESIGN

By Gagandeep Bansal
Introduction

Control Unit is the part of the computer’s central processing unit (CPU), which directs the
operation of the processor. It was included as part of the Von Neumann Architecture by John
von Neumann.

A control unit works by receiving input information to which it converts into control signals,
which are then sent to the central processor. The computer’s processor then tells the
attached hardware what operations to perform.
Devicee require Control Unit

Examples of devices that require a CU are:

Control Processing Units(CPUs)


Graphics Processing Units(GPUs)
Functions of control unit

● It coordinates the sequence of data movements into, out of, and between a processor’s
many sub-units.
● It interprets instructions.
● It controls data flow inside the processor.
● It receives external instructions or commands to which it converts to sequence of
control signals.

It controls many execution units(i.e. ALU, data buffers and registers) contained within a
CPU.
It also handles multiple tasks, such as fetching, decoding, execution handling and
storing results.
Types of control unit

● Hardwired control unit


● Microprogrammable control unit
Hardwired control unit
Diagram
Hardwired Control Unit

In the Hardwired control unit, the control signals that are important for instruction
execution control are generated by specially designed hardware logical circuits,
in which we can not modify the signal generation method without physical
change of the circuit structure.
The operation code of an instruction contains the basic data for control signal
generation. In the instruction decoder, the operation code is decoded. The
instruction decoder constitutes a set of many decoders that decode different
fields of the instruction opcode.
Hardwired control unit

Control signals for an instruction execution have to be generated not in


a single time point but during the entire time interval that corresponds
to the instruction execution cycle. Following the structure of this cycle,
the suitable sequence of internal states is organized in the control unit.

A number of signals generated by the control signal generator matrix


are sent back to inputs of the next control state generator matrix. This
matrix combines these signals with the timing signals, which are
generated by the timing unit based on the rectangular patterns usually
supplied by the quartz generator.
Microprogrammable
Control Unit
Microprogrammable Control Unit

The fundamental difference between these unit structures and the structure
of the hardwired control unit is the existence of the control store that is used
for storing words containing encoded control signals mandatory for
instruction execution.
With a single-level control store
Microprogrammable Control Unit

In this, the instruction opcode from the instruction register is sent to the
control store address register. Based on this address, the first
microinstruction of a microprogram that interprets execution of this
instruction is read to the microinstruction register.
This microinstruction contains in its operation part encoded control
signals, normally as few bit fields. In a set microinstruction field
decoders, the fields are decoded. The microinstruction also contains
the address of the next microinstruction of the given instruction
microprogram and a control field used to control activities of the
microinstruction address generator.
With a two-level control store
Microprogrammable Control Unit

In this, in a control unit with a two-level control store, besides the


control memory for microinstructions, a nano-instruction memory is
included. In such a control unit, microinstructions do not contain
encoded control signals.
The operation part of microinstructions contains the address of the
word in the nano-instruction memory, which contains encoded
control signals.
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