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Optical Packet Switching Techniques: Walter Picco MS Thesis Defense December 2001

The document summarizes a thesis defense presentation on optical packet switching techniques. The presentation covered the goals of developing a new optical network simulator called SIMON and using it to analyze and design optical networks through heuristic approaches to optimize network throughput while meeting cost constraints. Simulation results on a general backbone network topology showed that increasing the number of wavelength division multiplexing channels on links improved network throughput and reduced packet delay.

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Anand Singh
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
60 views43 pages

Optical Packet Switching Techniques: Walter Picco MS Thesis Defense December 2001

The document summarizes a thesis defense presentation on optical packet switching techniques. The presentation covered the goals of developing a new optical network simulator called SIMON and using it to analyze and design optical networks through heuristic approaches to optimize network throughput while meeting cost constraints. Simulation results on a general backbone network topology showed that increasing the number of wavelength division multiplexing channels on links improved network throughput and reduced packet delay.

Uploaded by

Anand Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Optical Packet Switching

Techniques
Walter Picco
MS Thesis Defense December 2001

Fabio Neri, Marco Ajmone Marsan


Telecommunication Networks Group
http://www.tlc-networks.polito.it/
1
Overview
• Introduction and motivations

• Goals of the thesis

• State-of-the-art and enabling technologies

• SIMON: an optical network simulator

• Optical networks design

• Obtained results

2
The need of optics
Future network requirements:
• High bandwidth capacity
• Flexibility, robustness
• Power supply and equipment footprint
reduction

Optics offers a good evolution perspective


3
Optical framework today
• Point to point communications
• Circuit switching with packet switching
electronic control

why ?

• Optical packet switching:


– no optical memories
– slow optical switches
4
Optical packet switching
Bandwidth is not a problem

Network cost is in the commutation

New protocols and architectures needed

• New tools to measure performance


• New design techniques
5 more
Overview
• Introduction and motivations

• Goals of the thesis

• State-of-the-art and enabling technologies

• SIMON: an optical network simulator

• Optical networks design

• Obtained results

6
Goals
• New optical network simulator

Topology Simulation Performance

7
Goals
• New analysis and design method for optical
networks

Resources Analysis Topology

8
Overview
• Introduction and motivations

• Goals of the thesis

• State-of-the-art and enabling technologies

• SIMON: an optical network simulator

• Optical networks design

• Obtained results

9
Transmitting data
Wavelength Division Multiplexing: the huge
bandwidth of an optical fiber is divided in many
channels (colors)

Each channel occupies a


different frequency slot
10
Storing data
• Optical RAM is not available yet
• Fiber Delay Lines (FDLs) are used instead

FDLs

FDL

Forward usage Feedback usage


11
Processing data
• Electronics limits the speed in data forwarding
• Optical 3R regeneration (and wavelength
conversion) is now possible

1 2
3R

• Physical layer is not a matter of concern


• All-optical solutions are currently at the study

12
Switching data
• Today: Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

• Tomorrow (a
possibility): Micro
Electro Mechanical
Systems

13
Overview
• Introduction and motivations

• Goals of the thesis

• State-of-the-art and enabling technologies

• SIMON: an optical network simulator

• Optical networks design

• Obtained results

14
The starting simulator: CLASS
• Simulator of ATM networks
• Topology independent

Adaptable tool
• Fixed routing
implementation } fiber
channel
Not good for WDM
15
CLASS modifications
• Dynamic routing strategy
} fiber
channel

• Each WDM channel must be listed in the


network description file

Maximum flexibility in the network description

16
SIMON node architecture
3R
3R

1 1
3R

2 2 3R
3R
m m

1 1 3R

n-1 n-1

n n

3R
3R

SWITCH 3R
CONTROL
UNIT 17
Time division
• Slotted network:

timeslot

P2
C1 t
P1
C2 t
C3 t
t0 t1

18
Overview
• Introduction and motivations

• Goals of the thesis

• State-of-the-art and enabling technologies

• SIMON: an optical network simulator

• Optical networks design

• Obtained results

19
Designing WDM networks
• Given:
Network topology and the traffic matrix
• Find:
Number of WDM channels on each link
• Optimizing:
Network throughput
• Meeting a cost constraint:
Network cost Fixed number
 of ports for all
commutation the switches
20
The optimization problem
• Mathematical statement:
Find minimum (maximum) of a non-linear
function in the discrete domain, meeting
some constraints

NP-complete problem

Only heuristic solutions are possible


21
Proposed approach
1)Find:
Ptot  f  n1  nM 
– Ptot : packet loss probability of the whole
network
– ni : number of WDM channels on link i

2)Elaborate a heuristic solution to find the


minimum of Ptot

22
Link model
• Classical queueing theory: M/M/L/k queue
k
1

buffer L
servers
• server  WDM channel
• buffer slot  FDL
23 more
Node model

Input Output
fibers fibers

24
Model limitations
• FDLs can’t be modeled as a simple buffer
– discrete storage time
– noise addition at each recirculation

FDL  SNRB  SNR A


B A 
channel  t B  t A  t

• All the FDLs of a node are shared among the


different queues
25
Network model
• The packet loss probability (Pf) of a flow is:


Pf  1   1  P i 
iL f
• The packet loss probability (Ptot) of the whole
network results:

t P f f

Ptot  f  n1  nM 
f F
Ptot 
t
f F
f

• First step completed


26
Searching the minimum

Storage capacity
(number of FDLs)
Level
Network connectivity
(number of channel
ports)
• Cost constraint:
(channel ports + FDLs ports) = constant
• optimum balance  optimum solution
27
Heuristic approach
• Starting topology: maximum connected

Highest possible level

• Iteration steps:
– the current topology is perturbed
– if the perturbed topology has a lower Ptot
the topology is modified
28
Heuristic approach
• Topology perturbation:
– all the links are analyzed

added

cancelled
– the link that modified gives the lower Ptot is
memorized
29
Overview
• Introduction and motivations

• Goals of the thesis

• State-of-the-art and enabling technologies

• SIMON: an optical network simulator

• Optical networks design

• Obtained results

30
General backbone: topology
Node
6 7
User

5 1 2 8

12 4 3 9

11 10

31
General backbone: throughput
Fraction of packets successfully transferred

0.95

0.9 1
2
3
4
M/M/L/k (4 MR)
M/M/L/k (  MR)
0.85
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Total network load [Gbps] 32


General backbone: delay
9

8 1
2
7 3
4
M/M/L/k (4 MR)
Packets net delay

6
M/M/L/k (  MR)
5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Total network load [Gbps] 33


USA backbone: topology
1 8 17 23
5 9 14
22
2 4 6 10 15 18 24

11 16 19 25
3

7 12 20 26

13 21 27

28
34
Fraction of packets successfully transferred USA backbone: throughput
1

0.98

0.96

0.94

0.92

0.9
1
2
3
0.88
M/M/L/k (4 MR)
M/M/L/k (  MR)
0.86
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Total network load [Gbps] 35 more


Conclusions
Two key elements:

• A new tool capable to simulate the next


generation optical networks

• A new optimization target in the optical


networks design giving good results

36 more
ES

37
Optical Burst Switching
• Packets are assembled in the network edge,
forming bursts
• Advantages:
– More efficient exploitation of the bandwidth
– Possibility to implement Service
Differentiation
• Disadvantages:
– More complicated network structure
– More complicated forwarding process
38
continue
Link model
• Packet loss probability P on the link:
–  link capacity
–  link traffic load
– offered load [Erlangs],

 
 r
 L
  L 1  1 r 
i k 1
1

k    if r  1
  L
 i 0 i! 1 r 
P 0   0   1
L!  L    L 1 i
 L

   k  1  if r  1
 i 0 i! L! 
39
continue
Japan backbone: topology
1

2 3
4

5 6

8
7

9 10

11 40
Japan backbone: throughput
Fraction of packets successfully transferred

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.96

0.95

0.94

0.93
1
0.92 2
3
0.91 M/M/L/k (4 MR)
M/M/L/k (  MR)
0.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Total network load [Gbps] 41


continue
Future work
• Simulator:
– Support for different architectures
– FDLs of variable length

• Heuristic approach:
– More detailed model for FDLs

42
continue
End of presentation
43

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