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    Burns: ROLL NO 1411

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    Akshay Sharma
    The document discusses burns, including: 1) Burns are caused by direct contact with heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation or inhalation and result in coagulative necrosis of the skin and tissues. 2) Burns are classified based on their cause and depth, with first degree burns affecting the epidermis, second degree also affecting the dermis, and third degree being full thickness burns. 3) Major complications can include renal failure, lung issues, gastrointestinal problems, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome potentially leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Proper evaluation and initial management including cooling the burn and giving oxygen are important.

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    Burns: ROLL NO 1411

    Uploaded by

    Akshay Sharma
    24 views36 pages
    The document discusses burns, including: 1) Burns are caused by direct contact with heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation or inhalation and result in coagulative necrosis of the skin and tissues. 2) Burns are classified based on their cause and depth, with first degree burns affecting the epidermis, second degree also affecting the dermis, and third degree being full thickness burns. 3) Major complications can include renal failure, lung issues, gastrointestinal problems, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome potentially leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Proper evaluation and initial management including cooling the burn and giving oxygen are important.

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    Burns surgery seminar

    Original Title

    Burns

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    The document discusses burns, including: 1) Burns are caused by direct contact with heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation or inhalation and result in coagulative necrosis of the skin and tissues. 2) Burns are classified based on their cause and depth, with first degree burns affecting the epidermis, second degree also affecting the dermis, and third degree being full thickness burns. 3) Major complications can include renal failure, lung issues, gastrointestinal problems, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome potentially leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Proper evaluation and initial management including cooling the burn and giving oxygen are important.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views36 pages

    Burns: ROLL NO 1411

    Uploaded by

    Akshay Sharma
    The document discusses burns, including: 1) Burns are caused by direct contact with heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation or inhalation and result in coagulative necrosis of the skin and tissues. 2) Burns are classified based on their cause and depth, with first degree burns affecting the epidermis, second degree also affecting the dermis, and third degree being full thickness burns. 3) Major complications can include renal failure, lung issues, gastrointestinal problems, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome potentially leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Proper evaluation and initial management including cooling the burn and giving oxygen are important.

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    BURNS

    ROLL NO 1411
    DEFINITION

     IT IS A TYPE OF COAGULATIVE NECROSIS THAT RESULT FROM DIRECT CONTACT OR


    EXPOSURE TO ANY PHYSICAL, THERMAL, CHEMICAL, ELECTRICAL, OR RADIATION
    SOURCE
    CLASSIFICATION

     BASED ON CAUSE

     THERMAL
     ELECTRICAL
     CHEMICAL
     RADIATION
     INHALATION
    THERMAL INJURIES

     FLAME BURNS
     DIRECT CONTACT WITH FLAME (DRY HEAT)
     STRUCTURAL FIRES / CLOTHING CATCHING ON FIRE

     SCALDING BURNS
     DIRECT CONTACT WITH HOT LIQUID / VAPOURS (MOIST HEAT)
     COOKING, BATHING OR CAR RADIATOR OVERHEATING
     SINGLE MOST COMMON INJURY IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT
    ELECTRICAL BURNS

     USUALLY FOLLOWS ACCIDENTAL CONTACT WITH EXPOSED OBJECT CONDUCTING ELECTRICITY


     ELECTRICALLY POWERED DEVICES
     ELECTRICAL WIRING
     POWER TRANSMISSION LINES
     CAN ALSO RESULT FROM LIGHTINING
     DAMAGE DEPENDS UPON INTENSITY OF CURRENT AND RESISTANCE OF BODY TISSUES
    THROUGHWHICH THE CURRENT IS PASSING
    ELECTRICAL BURNS

     MANIFSTATIONS
     EXTERNAL BURN
     INERNAL BURN
     MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY
     CARDIOVASCULAR INJURY
     RESPIRATORY INJURY
     NEUROLOGIC INJURY
     RHABDOMYOLYSIS AND RENAL INJURY
    CHEMICAL BURNS

     USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE


     ACCIDENTAL MISHANDLING OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS

     ACIDS
     IMMEDIATE COAGULATION NECROSIS CREATNG AN ESCHAR ; SELF-LIMITING
    EG; HYDOCHLORIC ACID, SULPHURIC ACID, NITRIC ACID, PHENOL
     BASES
     LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS WITH CONTINUED PENETRATION INTO DEEPER TISSUES RESULTING IN EXTENSIVE
    INJURY
    EG ; LIME,POTASSIUM HYDOXIDE ,CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
    CLASSIFICATION

     BASED ON DEPTH

     FIRST DEGREE BURNS (SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS) – EPIDERMIS IS INJURED AND PORTION OF DERMIS
    MAY BE INJURED
     SECOND DEGREE BURNS (DEEP PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS) – DESTRUCTION OF THE EPIDERMIS AND UPPER LAYERS OF
    DERMIS
     THIRD DEGREE BURNS (FULL THICKNESS BURNS) – TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS AND, IN SOME
    CASES, UNDERLYING TISSUE AS WELL
    DEGREE OF BURNS 1ST DEGREE 2ND DEGREE 3RD DEGREE

    INVOLVEMENT EPIDERMIS EPIDERMIS + ENTIRE EPIDERMIS


    RETICULAR DERMIS AND DERMIS

    APPEARANCE

    ERYTHEMA, OEDEMA, BLISTER, SOFT WAXY, TOUGH, DRY, ESCHAR,


    NO BLISTERS THROMBOSED
    WHITE, ELASTIC SUBCUTANEOUS VEIN
    SYMPTOMS AND SENSATIONS INTACT, PAIN SENSATIONS TO PAIN SENSATION TO
    SIGNS MILD TO MOD PAIN, NEEDLE PRICK NEDDLE PRICK
    SKIN BALANCHES PRESENT, ABSENT

    HEALING 3-5 DAYS WITHOUT 2-3 WEEKS 3-5 WEEKS, ESCHAR


    SCAR WITHHYPERTROPHIC SEPARATES
    SCAR
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    HEAT CAUSES COAGULATIVE NECROSIS OF SKIN AND SUB CUTANEOUS TISSUE

    RELEASE OF VASOACTIVE PEPTIDES

    ALTERED CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY

    LOSS OF FLUID SEVERE HYPOVOLAEMIA


    DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT DECREASED MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION

    DECREASED RENAL BLOOD FLOW(RENAL FAILURE) OLIGURIA

    ALTERED PULMONARY RESISTANCE CAUSING PULMONARY SYNDROME

    INFECTION

    SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS)

    MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME (MORS)


    RENAL

     DIMINISHED BLOOD FLOW AND CARDIAC OUTPUT LEADS TO DECREASED


    RENAL BLOOD FLOW AND GFR
     TOXINS RELEASED FROM THE WOUND ALONG WITH SEPSIS CAUSES ACUTE
    TUBULAR NECROSIS
     INJURY CAN OCCUR TO KIDNEY DUE TO MYOGLOBIN
    LUNGS

     ALTERED VENTILATION – PERFUSION RATIO


     PULMONARY OEDEMA DUE TO BURN INJURY, FLUID OVERLOAD
     ARDS
     ASPIRATION
     SEPTICAEMIA
    GIT

    BURNS MUCOSAL ATROPHY DECREASED ABSORPTION AND INCREASED INTESTINAL


    PERMEABILITY INCREASED BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION SEPTICEMIA

     ACUTE GASTRIC DILATATION WHICH OCCURS IN 2-4 DAYS


     PARALYTIC ILEUS
     CURLING’S ULCER
     ACUTE ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS,ACUE PANCREATITIS
     ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
    EVALUATION
    WALLACE’S RULE OF “9”

     HEAD AND NECK - 09


     UPPER LIMBS - 09 2
     TRUNK - 18 2
     LOWER LIMBS - 18 2
     PERINEUM - 01
    THE LUND AND
    BROWDER CHART

    BETTER METHOD FOR ASSESSING


    THE BURNS

    HERE EACH PART OF THE BODY IS


    INDIVIDUALLY ASSESSED
    PALM METHOD

     SIZE OF PATIENTS PALM 1% OF TSBA


     USED FOR IRREGULAR WOUNDS WITH SCATTERED DISTRIBUTION
    MANAGEMENT OF
    BURNS
    PRE – HOSPITAL CARE

     ENSURE RESCUER SAFETY


     STOP THE BURNING PROCESS – STOP, DROP AND ROLL
     CHECK FOR OTHER INJURIES
     COOL THE BURN WOUND; PROVIDES ANALGESIA, SLOWS THE DELAYED MICROVASCULAR INJURY,
    MINIMUM OF 1MIN ,EFFECTIVE UPTO 1 HOUR AFTER THE BURN INJURY
     GIVE OXYGEN
     ELEVATE
    HOSPITAL CARE

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