Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College

of Engineering &Technology
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. SUITABLITY BASE ISOLATION
4. CONCEPT OF BASE ISOLATION
5. BASIC ELEMENTS IF BASE ISOLATION
6. TYPES OF BASE ISOLATION TECHNIQUES
7. CONSIDERATION FOR BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM
8. ECONOMICAL POINT OF VIEW
9. APPLICATIONS OF BASE ISOLATION
10.REFERENCES
Introduction
1. Earthquake produce surface waves, which cause vibration of the
ground and structures standing on top. Depending on the
characteristics of these vibrations, the ground may develop cracks,
fissures and settlements.
2. The possible risk of loss of life adds a very serious dimension to
seismic design.
3. In recent times, many new systems have been developed, either to
reduce the earthquake forces acting on the structure or to absorb a
part of seismic energy.
4. One of the most widely implemented and accepted seismic protection
systems is Base Isolation System.
5. Base isolation is defined as a flexible material which is provided at
base to reduce the seismic forces of any structure.
 Literature Review
Sl Research paper Author Year of Conclusion
no topic publication

1 Seismic -Swapnil 2017(IJRAR) Effectiveness of base isolation using lead

Behavioural Ambasta, rubber bearings (LRB) over conventional
Analysis of Fixed -Abhyuday construction, using a case study of
Base and Titiksh identical
Base Isolated -G.P. Khare conventional and isolated building
Structures modelled in the most seismically active
region in India (Zone V).
2 Base-isolation -Fabio 2018(IJRAR) Evaluate the effectiveness of the base-
systems for the Mazza isolation in seismic retrofitting of reinforced
seismic -Mirko concrete (r.c.) framed structures in the case
retrofitting of r.c. Mazza of masonry infills (MIs) not uniformly distributed
framed buildings -Alfonso in elevation.
with soft-storey Vulcano Moreover, amplification of the inelastic
subjected to demand is generally expected for base-
near-fault isolated structures located in a near-fault
earthquakes area, in the event of long-duration velocity
 Literature Review
Sl Research paper Author Year of Conclusion
no topic publication

3 Effective Semi -Mohtasham 2018(IJRAR) Mitigation of the base drift and make the base
active Base Mohebbi isolation system adaptable to different
Isolation System -Hamed earthquakes, using active and semi active
under Dadkhah control schemes along with the base isolation
Multiple system. Active control systems directly apply
Earthquakes the desired force for controlling the seismic
response of structures, while in the semi active
control schemes, the characteristics of control
system are adjusted to make the applied
force track the desired control force.
• Ground Forces are amplified
by a factor of 3 to 4 at the
roof.

• Forces reduced by a factor of

3 to 6 across the isolators
• Forces reduced by a factor 8
to 12 at the roof
• During a Richter 8.0 Earthquake a Seismically Isolated Building Will
Behave as if it Were experiencing a 5.5 Earthquake
SUITABILITY OF BASE ISOLATION
Earthquake protection of structures using base isolation
technique is generally suitable if the following conditions are fulfilled
1. The subsoil does not produce a predominance of long period
ground motion.
2. The structure is fairly jointed with sufficiently high column load.
3. The site permits horizontal displacements at the base of the order
of 200mm or more.
4. Lateral loads due to wind are less than approximately 10% of the
weight of the structure.
CONCEPT OF BASE ISOLATION
Base isolation, as a strategy to protect structure from earthquake,
revolves around a few basic elements of understanding
1. Period-shifting of structure
2. Mode of vibration
3. Damping and cutting of load transmission path
4. Minimum rigidity
BASIC ELEMENTS OF SEISMIC
ISOLATION
The basic elements in seismic isolation systems are,
1. A vertical-load carrying device that provides lateral flexibility so
that the period of vibration of the total system is lengthened
sufficiently to reduce the force response.
2. A damper or energy dissipater so that the relative deflections
across the flexible mounting can be limited to a practical design
level.
3. A means of providing rigidity under low (service) load.
4. Steel plates, vulcanized rubber, and a lead plug in the centre of
the design create these functional contrasting directional
components.
Types of Base Isolation Systems
There are Six major types of base isolation System which are
widely adopted for seismic base isolation.
1. SLIDING SYSTEM
i. Resilient friction system
ii. Friction pendulum system
2. ELASTOMERIC BEARING
i. Natural rubber bearing
ii. Low damping rubber bearings
iii. Lead plug bearings
iv. High damping rubber bearing
Types of Base Isolation System
Resilient Friction System
1. It uses sliding elements between the foundation and base of the
structure.
2. The sliding displacements are controlled by high-tension springs or
laminated rubber bearings, or by making the sliding surface curved.
3. These mechanisms provide a restoring force to return the structure
to its equilibrium position.
Types of Base Isolation System

Friction Pendulum System

1. The Friction pendulum system (FPS) is a sliding isolation system
wherein the weight of the structure is supported on spherical sliding
surfaces that slide relative to each other when the ground motion
exceeds a threshold level
Types of Base Isolation System

Elastomeric Bearings:
Bearings formed of horizontal layers of synthetic or natural rubber in
thin layers bound between steel plates. These bearings are capable
of supporting high vertical loads with very small deformations. These
bearings are flexible under lateral loads. Steel plates prevent the
rubber layers from bulging.
Types of Base Isolation System

Elastomeric Bearings:
Types of Base Isolation System
Ball & Roller Bearings system
For isolation applications in machinery isolation, roller and ball bearing are
used. It includes cylindrical rollers and balls. It is sufficient to resist service
movements and damping depending on the material used.
Types of Base Isolation System

Low Damping Natural Or Synthetic Rubber

Bearings
1. Elastomeric bearings use either natural rubber or synthetic rubber
(such as neoprene), which have little inherent damping.
2. For isolation they are generally used with special elastomer
compound (high damping rubber bearings) or in combination with
other devices (lead rubber bearings).
Types of Base Isolation System

Lead plug Bearings

1. A lead-rubber bearing is formed of a lead plug force-fitted into a
preformed hole in an elastomeric bearing.
2. The lead core provides rigidity under service loads and energy
dissipation under high lateral loads.
3. The entire bearing is encased in cover rubber to provide
environmental protection.
4. When subjected to low lateral loads (such as minor earthquake) the
lead rubber bearing is stiff both laterally and vertically.
CONSIDERATION FOR SEISMIC
ISOLATION
The benefits of using seismic isolation for earthquake resistant design
are:
1. Isolation leads to a simpler structure with much less complicated seismic
analysis as compared with conventional structures.
2. Isolated designs are less sensitive to uncertainties in ground motion.
3. Minor damage at the design level event means immediate reoccupation.
The performance of the isolators is highly predictable, so they are much
more reliable than conventional structural components.
4. Even in case of larger than expected seismic events, damage will
concentrate in the isolation system, where elements can be easily
substituted to restore the complete functionality of the structure.
5. Base Isolation minimizes the need for strengthening measures like
adding shear walls, frames, and bracing by reducing the earthquake
forces.
IS IT AN ECONOMIC SOLUTION?
1. Base isolation allows for a reduction in structural elements of the
building with less ductile detailing needed.
2. Widely held misconception is that seismic isolation is expensive.
3. The inclusion of all aspects of seismic isolation in a new structure will
add no more than 3% to total construction cost and considerably less
when assessed against the benefits of isolation.
4. Seismic isolation devices require no maintenance during the life of the
building.
5. Devices do not need replacing after an earthquake unless the event
was in excess of their design specification in which case removal of
some devices for testing is recommended.
6. Because the building is protected from major damage, repair costs
following an earthquake will be lower to non-existent.
Applications of Base Isolation
1. TURBO GENERATOR SUPPORTS( Nuclear and Thermal)

2. BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM IN NEW BHUJ HOSPITAL

Applications of Base Isolation
Conclusion
1. Seismic base isolation system has proved to be a reliable method of
earthquake resistant design.
2. The main significance of the system is to protect people and
infrastructures from the danger of seismic activity .
3. The success of this method is largely attributed to the development of
isolation devices and proper planning.

Noting that the advances in earthquake engineering and the construction

practice are as dynamic as the world we live in. In order to use the latest
technology and ensure highest level of safety in the built environment, it is
imperative that the design and construction communities utilize the most
current technologies available like the Base isolation system.
References
1. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume
4(3), ISSN: 2394-9333www.ijtrd.comIJTRD | May-Jun 2017Available
[email protected] 415 Seismic Behavioural Analysis of Fixed
Base and Base Isolated Structures
2. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering journal homepage:
www.elsevier.com/locate/soildyn Base-isolation systems for the
seismic retrofitting of r.c. framed buildings with soft-storey subjected to
near-fault earthquakes Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Università
della Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering 109 (2018) 209–22.
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