Dictionary of Agricultural Engineering 2006 Edition

AGRICULTURE TRACTOR
By: ENGR. ADORNADO C. VERGARA, Ph.D.

The word Tractor was derived from 2 words i.e. Traction and Motors. The word Trac
was derived from Traction and the remaining word tor was derived from motor.
In the earlier part of eighteenth century, such machines were used for Traction
purpose and were aptly called Traction Motors.
Types of Tractors from Tractor Agriculture
In the beginning of nineteenth century, the real form of Tractors was introduced when
a 3 Wheel Tractor was launched to be used commercially. The Tractor is an agriculture
machine which can either push or pull agricultural implements in farm fields.
The increase in population and rise in hunger ratio among people in different parts of
this world has lead to the need for efficient Farming machines. The bulk crop cannot
be produced unless we have efficient machines and Tractor is one such invention
which accelerates the farm production.
The Tractor Types can be classified into 3 major divisions namely:
1. Type of Construction
2. Type of Drive
3. The Purpose for which the usage is done
The First type is Construction type and it is further divided into 2 types.
i) First type is the Tractor in which the driver can easily sit and drive the machine.
ii) The Second type is the Tractor in which the operator walks along side and it is
also called as Walking Type Tractor.
Second type depends upon the type of drives i.e.
1. Track Type
2. Wheel Type
Tracked Type has Half Track and Full track types of tractors.
Wheel type is sub divided into i) 2 Wheeler or Two Wheeled ii) Three Wheeler or 3 Wheeled
and iii) Four Wheeler types of tractors.
Track Type Tractors
In these types of Tractors,

instead of wheels one track
is fitted on either side. This
track gets drive from the
sprocket run by real axle
shaft. To steer the Tractor,
there is no steering gear
fitted. Here, the machine is
steered by applying brakes to
one side of the track while
the other track is in motion.
Half Track Type
In these types of Tractors, a small

track chain is fitted at the rear end
only while tyres are fitted at the
front axle. Track Type Tractors are
generally used for reclaiming barren
lands and are not much used for
Agricultural tasks.
These machines are fitted with

tracks in such a way that the contact
area with ground is larger and
facilitates in increased traction
power. These machines are very
useful in dams and in areas where
earth moving tasks are required.
Wheel Type Tractors
Their primary usage is in

Agricultural tasks. They
have fast running speed
and the fitted tyres are
able to absorb certain
amount of field shock
too.
The domain of use for

these machines can be
classified into small
farms, hilly regions and
for general gardening
purpose.
Three Wheel or
Tricycle Type
Three Wheeled
Tractors were very
popular 20 years
back but now they
have been replaced
by Four Wheelers.
They had single or
dual wheel fitted at
front end and were
considered apt for
moving around
shorter turns.
The Types of Tractors in third classification
depend upon the purpose for which they are
used.
1. Utility Tractors
2. Row Crop Tractor
3. Orchard Type
4. Industrial Tractor
5. Garden Tractor
6. Rotary Tillers
7. Implement Carrier
8. Earth Moving Tractors
Utility Tractor is
general purpose
machine and is
designed for
ploughing and
driving any other
equipment through
its drive and is
considered good for
such farms where
farmer cannot afford
more machines to
perform specific
jobs.
Row Crop Tractor
This is an all round machine and is designed in such a way that it meets all the
Agricultural demands like Ploughing, Harrowing, Levelling, Pulling Seed Drills, Weed
Control, running different machines like Water Pumps, Threshers using belt pulley.
They have the below listed attributes:
They have greater ground clearance.

They have good row spacing provision.
They are easy to steer and can nicely take shorter turns.
These machines are user friendly and are easy to drive.
The attachment and detachment of Agricultural Implements is a quick and easy
process with these machines.
There is a provision for power take off drive too.
A power lift is provided for heavy lifting or for lowering agricultural implements.
Orchard Type
These special type Farm

machines are only used
in Orchards. These
Tractors have big height
so that while sitting on
the Tractor the Driver
can easily pluck the
fruits or the trees can
easily be trimmed.
There is no part of this
machine outside the
surface and this allows
easy passage in
between the trees.
Industrial Type
The Industrial
Type machines
are also called
as Tuggers. They
are useful in
pulling loads
and are fitted
with crane
boom for easy
lifting of loads.
Garden Type
These machines fall in

the power range of 1 to
10 HP (Horse Power) and
have very small
construction size. They
are mostly used for Grass
Cutting or for making
Flower Beds in the
garden. The wheels fitted
to such machines are
having the size of a
Scooter and have a
thicker depth.
Rotary Tillers
They fall under the

category of Walking Type
Tractors and are used in
small fields or on hills
where fields are smaller in
size and are at different
height levels. Here,
Ordinary equipment
cannot work efficiently.
Blades are fitted to the
tillers for the purpose of
preparing seed beds
efficiently by pulverizing
the content of soil.
Implement Carrier
In these types of
Tractors, there is an
extended chassis
frame between the
front and rear tyres
where all the
implements like
Seed Drills, Fertilizer,
Drill, Duster, Sprayer,
Rotary Sweeper,
Loader, and
platforms can be
easily mounted.
Earth Moving Tractors
These Farm Machines

are heavy in weight
and quite strong. They
are available in both
track and tyre type
varieties. Their primary
usage is for doing earth
moving work on dams,
quarries and different
types of constructional
works.
Components of Walking-type Agricultural Tractor (Pull-type)
PTO-driven rotary tiller
Axle-driven rotary tiller
Two-wheel drive tractor
Four-wheel drive tractor
Typical controls
of a four-wheel
tractor
Three-point Linkage and its Components

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AGRICULTURE TRACTOR

By: ENGR. ADORNADO C. VERGARA, Ph.D.

Types of Tractors from Tractor Agriculture

In these types of Tractors,

In these types of Tractors, a small

These machines are fitted with

Their primary usage is in

The domain of use for

They have the below listed attributes:

They have greater ground clearance.

These special type Farm

These machines fall in

They fall under the

These Farm Machines

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