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    Acetic Aldehyde, Ethyl Aldehyde

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    Kto
    This document discusses the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol using dehydrogenation. It provides details on: 1) The ethanol dehydrogenation process, which produces acetaldehyde at a lower cost than previous processes and yields about 94%. 2) A material balance for the reactor, which shows that with 94% conversion of 7229.2 kg/hr of ethanol, the reactor will produce 6500 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 295.45 kg/hr of hydrogen. 3) A material balance for the distillation column, which shows that with 99% acetaldehyde recovery, the overhead will contain 6245.11 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 127.45 kg/hr

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    Acetic Aldehyde, Ethyl Aldehyde

    Uploaded by

    Kto
    25 views18 pages
    This document discusses the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol using dehydrogenation. It provides details on: 1) The ethanol dehydrogenation process, which produces acetaldehyde at a lower cost than previous processes and yields about 94%. 2) A material balance for the reactor, which shows that with 94% conversion of 7229.2 kg/hr of ethanol, the reactor will produce 6500 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 295.45 kg/hr of hydrogen. 3) A material balance for the distillation column, which shows that with 99% acetaldehyde recovery, the overhead will contain 6245.11 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 127.45 kg/hr

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    This document discusses the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol using dehydrogenation. It provides details on: 1) The ethanol dehydrogenation process, which produces acetaldehyde at a lower cost than previous processes and yields about 94%. 2) A material balance for the reactor, which shows that with 94% conversion of 7229.2 kg/hr of ethanol, the reactor will produce 6500 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 295.45 kg/hr of hydrogen. 3) A material balance for the distillation column, which shows that with 99% acetaldehyde recovery, the overhead will contain 6245.11 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 127.45 kg/hr

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views18 pages

    Acetic Aldehyde, Ethyl Aldehyde

    Uploaded by

    Kto
    This document discusses the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol using dehydrogenation. It provides details on: 1) The ethanol dehydrogenation process, which produces acetaldehyde at a lower cost than previous processes and yields about 94%. 2) A material balance for the reactor, which shows that with 94% conversion of 7229.2 kg/hr of ethanol, the reactor will produce 6500 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 295.45 kg/hr of hydrogen. 3) A material balance for the distillation column, which shows that with 99% acetaldehyde recovery, the overhead will contain 6245.11 kg/hr of acetaldehyde and 127.45 kg/hr

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee , bread and

    ripe fruit , and it’s produced from plants. Other names


    are Acetic aldehyde , Ethyl aldehyde.
    • USES :
    • Acetaldehyde is an important precursor to
    pyridine derivatives , pentaerythritol, and
    crotonaldehyde.
    • Urea + acetaldehyde = Resin
    • Precursor to polyvinylacetate
    • Precursor to acetic acid ( Declained app.)

    • Note :
    • a thing that comes before another of the
    same kind or forerunner.
    • Physical properties:
    1.Colour less
    2.pungent suffocating odor . When diluted
    It gives a pleasant fruity order.
    Properties Values
    Formula weight 44.053

    Melting point -123.5

    Boiling point at 101.3 20.16 in Celsius

    Flash point , closed cup -38 in Celsius

    Ignition temperature in air 165 in Celsius

    Explosive limits of mixtures with air , vol 4.5 – 60.5


    %
    Acetaldehyde
    Refractive index 1.33113

    Vapor density 1.52


    • Chemical properties :
    Acetaldehyde is soluble in water , ethanol ,
    benzene , acetone and slightly soluble in chloroform.
    Acetaldehyde decomposes at temp. above
    400 C, Forming principally methane and carbon
    monoxide.
    Acetaldehyde is readily oxidized with
    oxygen or air to acetic acid, acetic anhydride , and per
    acetic acid.
    Acetic acid produced by the liquid phase
    oxidation of acetaldehyde at 65 C .
    • VARIOUS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
    1. Acetaldehyde from ethanol process
    2. Acetaldehyde from hydration of acetylene

    HYDRATION OF ACETYLENE :
    In the process, acetylene of high purity ispassed
    under a pressure of 103.4 kPa (15 Psi) into a vertical
    reactor containing a mercury catalyst dissolved in 18-
    25% sulfuric acid at 70-900C.

    C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO

    The main drawback of this process is the high raw


    material (acetylene) costs.
    SELECTION OF PROCESS
    Ethanol dehydrogenation process
    The process was introduced starting from lower cost
    ethanol as raw material thereby producing acetaldehyde at a
    lower cost. The yield is very high - about 94%.
    Overall reaction:
    C2H5OH CH3CHO + H2

    1.This process is a huge economic success. It


    quickly replaced the old process.
    2.we also get 98% pure hydrogen in this process.
    MATERIAL BALANCE
    BASIS :

    • Amount of acetaldehyde
    to be produced = 150 TPD = 6250 kg/hr
    • Molecular weight of ethanol =46 kg/kmol
    • Molecular weight of acetaldehyde = 44kg/kmol
    • Molecular weight of hydrogen =2kg/kmol
    • Therefore, amount of acetaldehyde
    to be produced = 142.04 kmol/hr.
    Let conversion be 94% ,

    Taking into account the losses let,


    the acetaldehyde produced to be some extra.

    Let,
    Acetaldehyde to be produced = 6500 kg/hr
    Amount of ethanol required for
    100% conversion = 6795.45kg/hr
    Therefore, ethanol required for
    94% conversion =7229.2 kg/hr

    •
    MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTOR
    The reaction in the reactor :
    C2H5OH CH3CHO + H2
    Optimum reaction temperature = 3100C
    Conversion = 94%
    From material balance,
    • Amount of
    acetaldehyde produced = 0.94 * 44 * 7229.2 /46 = 6500 kg
    • Amount of
    hydrogen produced = 0.94 *2 * 7229.2 / 46 = 295.45 kg
    • Amount of
    ethanol un reacted = 7229.2 – (6500 + 295.45 ) = 433.74 kg
    Acetaldehyde
    ( 6500 Kg/hr )

    Ethanol
    ( 7229.2 Kg/hr ) REACTOR

    • Unreacted Ethanol ( 433.74Kg/hr)


    • H2 ( 295.45 Kg/hr )
    Table : Summary of Material Balance for Reactor

    INPUT (Kg/hr) OUTPUT (Kg/hr)

    Ethanol 7229.2 Acetaldehyde 6500

    Hydrogen 295.45

    Ethanol (unreacted) 433.74

    Total 7229.2 Total 7229.2


    MATERIAL BALANCE FOR DISTILLATION COLUMN
    D = 6372.56 Kg.
    Xd = 0.99
    E = 433.78 Kg
    A = 6308.196 Kg
    Total feed = F = 6741.976 Kg
    Xf = 0.93
    W = 369.416
    Xw = 0.06
    Assume 99% acetaldehyde recovery in overhead product.
    Assume xd = 0.99
    In overhead :
    Acetaldehyde = 6245.11 Kg
    Ethanol = 127.45 Kg
    Total D = 6372.56 Kg
    In bottom :
    Acetaldehyde = 22.165 Kg
    Ethanol = 306.334 Kg
    Total W = 369.416 Kg
    F = D+W
    F*xf = D * Xd + W * Xw
    Therefore,
    Xw = (F * xf – D * xd) / W * xw
    Xw =
    (6741.976 * 0.93 – 6372.56 * 0.99) / 369.416
    = 0.06 //
    Table : Summary of material balance for Distillation column

    INPUT (Kg) OUTPUT (Kg)

    Feed 6741.976 Distillate


    Acetaldehyde 6245.11
    Ethanol 127.45
    Total 6372.56

    Bottom
    Acetaldehyde 22.165
    Ethanol 306.334
    Total 369.416
    Distillate Acetaldehyde – 6245.11
    Ethanol - 127.45

    FEED
    ( 6741.976 Kg/hr ) Distillaton
    column

    Bottom Acetaldehyde - 22.165


    Ethanol - 306.334
    Kinetics and Mechanistic investigation of Environmental benign Nano
    catalyst for the Degradation of Anthropogenic Pollutants
    •
    • Introduction :
    •
    • Dyes and aromatic compounds discharged from industries such as
    leather, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles are recognized to be
    hazardous pollutants and their prolonged exposure into the environment
    is associated with cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity to
    humans. Conventional methods such as osmosis, adsorption, and
    flocculation have been employed for the removal of aforesaid dyes .

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