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Capitolul II Using Essential Tools Utilizarea Instrumentelor Esențiale

The document discusses three types of commands in Linux: aliases, internal commands that are loaded into memory at boot, and external commands stored on disk. It also covers I/O redirection using <, >, 2>, and pipes (|) to process the output of one command as input to another. Common Linux commands and editors like vi are described along with helpful options.

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Cristian Zaharia
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27 views7 pages

Capitolul II Using Essential Tools Utilizarea Instrumentelor Esențiale

The document discusses three types of commands in Linux: aliases, internal commands that are loaded into memory at boot, and external commands stored on disk. It also covers I/O redirection using <, >, 2>, and pipes (|) to process the output of one command as input to another. Common Linux commands and editors like vi are described along with helpful options.

Uploaded by

Cristian Zaharia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Capitolul II

Using Essential Tools


Utilizarea instrumentelor esențiale
Trei tipuri de comenzi:
 #aliasnewcommand = `oldcommand` Cu alias
definim comenzi asa cum dorim, ele oricum vor
executa comanda initiala. Alias se executa primele.
 Comanda interna - comenzi ce sunt parte din shell. Ele
se incarca la bootare in memorie si se executa la fel
din memorie.
 Comenzi externe - se afla pe disk. Ele se citesc de pe
disk.
I/O Redirection
 STDIN < (0<) - input: keyboard s.a.m.d.
 STDOUT > (1>) - output rezultate pe monitor sau
unde specifica noi
 STDERR 2> - output erori pe monitor sau
unde specificam noi
 > - Redirect STDOUT. If redirect to a file, the content of the file will
be owerwritten.
 >> - Redirect STDOUT. If redirect to a file, the output will be
appended.
 2> - redirect STDERR
 2>&1 - Redirect STDERR to same destination as STDOUT
 < - Redirects STDIN
 sort < filelist.txt - arata pe ecran lista de fisiere din filelist.txt in
ordine alfabetica
 >dev/null - va redirectiona mesajele catre nicaieri, in rezultat nu vom
vedea nimic pe ecran sau in alta parte.
Pipe

| - pipe se foloseste pentru a prelucra rezultatele


unei comenzi si a le oferi ca input pentru alta
comanda
 ls| less -rezultatul comenzii ls se transmite
comenzii less, ca rezultat obtinem o vizualizare in
pager.
Esc Switch from input to command mode

Vi editor - #vi i, a
o
Switch from command to input at (i) or after (a)
Open a new line and go to input mode
:wq Write current file and quit
:q! Quit the file (! - force to quit)
:w filename Write current file to new file
Dd Delete current liine
Yy Copy current line
P Paste current selection
V Visual mode which allow to select text block
U Undo last command
Ctrl + R Redo last undo
Gg Go to first line in doc
G Go to last line in doc
/text Search for text from cursor position forward
?text Search for text from cursor position backward
^ Go to first position in current line
$ Go to last position in current line
!ls Add the output of ls i the current file
:%s/old/ne Replace all ocurences of old with new
w/g
HELP

 # <command> --help
 #man <command> - arata manual despre o comanda
 #man -k = #apropos - arata date despre o comanda
 #man -k partition = #apropos partition - se arata toate comenzile ce contin info
despre partition

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