Scribd
Upload
118 views

Processing of Latent Image

The document discusses latent image formation in photography. It begins by defining a latent image as the invisible image produced on film after exposure but before development. It then discusses the photochemical processes involved, including: 1) The formation of silver bromide crystals in the emulsion and the interaction of photons during exposure. 2) The mechanisms of latent image formation, including the photoelectric effect and Compton effect releasing electrons, and the nucleation process where the electrons and silver ions form sub-image centers according to either the Gurney-Mott theory or Mitchell theory. 3) The growth process where the sub-image centers enlarge into visible development centers containing multiple silver atoms.

Uploaded by

John Andre Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
118 views

Processing of Latent Image

The document discusses latent image formation in photography. It begins by defining a latent image as the invisible image produced on film after exposure but before development. It then discusses the photochemical processes involved, including: 1) The formation of silver bromide crystals in the emulsion and the interaction of photons during exposure. 2) The mechanisms of latent image formation, including the photoelectric effect and Compton effect releasing electrons, and the nucleation process where the electrons and silver ions form sub-image centers according to either the Gurney-Mott theory or Mitchell theory. 3) The growth process where the sub-image centers enlarge into visible development centers containing multiple silver atoms.

Uploaded by

John Andre Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

LATENT IMAGE FORMATION

by:
Prof. Adrian Luigi J. Morte
LATENT IMAGE

• Invisible image produced on the film after


exposure prior to development.
• Latent image can only be visible through the
development process.
• The production of latent image is the first step
of the photochemical process.
REVIEW OF EMULSION AND
SILVER BROMIDE

AgNO3 + KBr = AgBr + KNO3


REVIEW OF EMULSION AND
SILVER BROMIDE
• Emulsion is a suspension of silver bromide and
certain impurities in gelatin.
• AgBr is formed by reacting AgNO3 and KBr.
• During manufacturing process, the silver and the
bromide becomes an ion.
• ION - an atom that has either many or few
electrons than the protons.
• The unlike charges of the two ions causes the
formation of what is known as the univalent ionic
cubical lattice.
REVIEW OF EMULSION AND
SILVER BROMIDE
• In unexposed silver halide
crystal the bromine ions usually
occupy the surface of the crystal
and the silver ions the center of
the crystal. And somewhere in
the crystal there are electrons
traps (sensitivity speck) caused
by gelatin.
MECHANISMS OF LATENT
IMAGE FORMATION
• Effects of Exposure
– photoelectric effect
– Compton effect
• Nucleation Process
– Gurney Mott Theory
– Mitchell Theory
• Growth Process
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
• Photons interact through
photoelectric and
Compton interaction.

Interactions usually occur


at the bromine ions since
they are located at the
surface of the crystal.
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
• Photons interact through
photoelectric and
Compton interaction.

Interactions usually occur at


the bromine ions since they
are located at the surface of
the crystal.
Both interaction releases
high energy electrons.
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
• Photons interact through
photoelectric and Compton
interaction.
Interactions usually occur at
the bromine ions since they
are located at the surface of
the crystal.
Both interaction releases high
energy electrons.
Bromine ions becomes neutral
and they migrate out of the
crystal into the gelatin.
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
• The process disrupted the crystal lattice formation.
• Ions in the crystal are now free to migrate and move
around.
• Bromide migrate out of the crystal leaving the silver
ion, free electron and electron trap in the crystal

Unexposed Crystal Exposed Crystal


NUCLEATION PROCESS
Gurney Mott Theory

• An electron that
has been released
by exposure is
captured by a
trapping center
and temporarily
localized.
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Gurney Mott Theory

• A mobile positively
charge silver ion may
migrate to this center
and form a silver
atom when
combined with the
electron.
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Gurney Mott Theory

• Unfortunately, a
single silver atom is
unstable,
separation occurs
and stage one and
two happen again.
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Gurney Mott Theory

• Fortunately, during
its short life the
single silver atom
can act as a trap for
another electron, and
if another silver ion is
attracted to this site
...
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Gurney Mott Theory

• A stable-atom speck
is formed and is
called a latent sub-
image center.
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Mitchell Theory

• A free silver ion


comes near to a
shallow electron
trap and deepens
it.
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Mitchell Theory

• A free electron,
released by exposure,
and a silver ion
approach the trap
together and
immediately form a
silver atom. This is
called a pre-image
center
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Mitchell Theory

• Unfortunately, as in
Gurney-Mott theory,
the single silver
atom is unstable,
and it dissociates
into a silver ion and
electron.
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Mitchell Theory

• Fortunately, the
single silver atom
acquire a second
silver ion. And a free
electron arrives
before the escape of
this second silver
ion, thus ...
NUCLEATION PROCESS
Mitchell Theory

• A stable-atom speck
is formed and is
called a latent sub-
image center.
GROWTH PROCESS

• Growth is the
enlargement of sub-
image center until it
becomes development
centers (at least 10
silver atoms).
THANK YOU 

You might also like