Scribd
Upload
46 views23 pages

Transfer of Drugs Across The Placenta and Breast. Influence of Pregnancy On Drug Dose Adverse Effects of Drugs in Pregnancy

The document discusses several drugs that can cause adverse effects in pregnancy including teratogens like lithium, warfarin, and retinoic acid derivatives which can cause birth defects. It also covers commonly used drugs like folic acid, iron, antacids, antibiotics, oxytocin, antihypertensives, and anesthetic drugs. For each drug class, it provides information on uses, types, contraindications, adverse reactions, administration and pharmacokinetics.

Uploaded by

Jes Cmt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views23 pages

Transfer of Drugs Across The Placenta and Breast. Influence of Pregnancy On Drug Dose Adverse Effects of Drugs in Pregnancy

The document discusses several drugs that can cause adverse effects in pregnancy including teratogens like lithium, warfarin, and retinoic acid derivatives which can cause birth defects. It also covers commonly used drugs like folic acid, iron, antacids, antibiotics, oxytocin, antihypertensives, and anesthetic drugs. For each drug class, it provides information on uses, types, contraindications, adverse reactions, administration and pharmacokinetics.

Uploaded by

Jes Cmt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

 Transfer of drugs across the placenta and

breast.
 Influence of pregnancy on drug dose
Adverse effects of drugs in pregnancy

TERATOGENESIS:
The word “Teratogen” refers to a substance
that leads to the birth of a malformed baby.
COMMONLY USED DRUGS THAT ARE
TERATOGENS
DRUG EFFECT
LITHIUM  CARDIAC ANOMALIES
WARFARIN FACIAL ANOMALIES
PHYSTOIN  CRANIOFACIAL
ANOMALIES
SODIUM NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
VALDPROATE
CARBAMEZEPINE CRANIOFACIAL
ANOMALIES, NEURAL
TUBE DEFECT.
DRUG EFFECT
SODIUM NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
VALPROATE
CARBAMEZEPINE CRANIOFACIAL
ANOMALIES NEURAL
TUBE DEFECTS
RETINOIC ACID CRANIOFACIAL CARDIA
DERIVATIVES AND CNS ANOMALIES
FOLIC ACID
USED:
 Given to treat megaloblastic anemia caused
by folic acid deficiency. Type of Anemia usually
occurs in infants, adolescents, pregnant and
lactating mothers, elderly and alcoholic.
 Also used a s nutritional supplement.
PHARMACOKINETICS
 Absorbed rapidly in the first third of the
small intestine.
 Metabolized in the liver
 Excess folate is excreted in the urine and small
amounts in feces
Folic acid is secreted in breast milk.

CONTRAINDICATION:
 Methotrexate, Sulfalazine, Hormonal
contraceptives, aspirin, triametrene pentamidine,
and trimethropin reduce the effectiveness of folic
acid.
Counteracts the effects of convulsants, such as
phenytoinm potentially seizures.
ADVERSE REACTION:
 Erythema
 Itching
 Rash
Anorexia
 Nausea
 Altered Sleep Patterns
 Difficulty Concentrating
 Irritability
 Overactivity
IRON
USED:

 Oral iron therapy is used to prevent or treat iron


deficiency anemia.

 also used to prevent anemia in children age 6


months to 2 years (because this is the rapid growth
and development)

Pregnant woman may need iron supplements to


replace the iron used by the developing fetus.
KINDS
IRON DEXTRAN

 Given by either I.M. Injection or slow continous


I.V infusion

IRON SUCROSE

 Is indicated for used in hemodialysis patient and


admnistered I.V. infusion.
CONTRAINDICATION
IRON DEXTRAN

 Antacid (H2 receptor antagonist)


 Coffee, Tea, Egg and Milk
IRON SUCROSE
 Is indicated for used in hemodialysis patient and
admnistered I.V. infusion.

ADVERSE REACTION
 Gastric Irritation and Constipation
 Darken Stool
 Liquid preparation can stain the teeth
ANTACIDS

USED:

 Are Alkalis that act by reducing the acidity of


stomach acid.

KINDS

 Aluminum Carbonate Gel


 Calcium Carbonate
 Magaldrate
 Magnesium Hydroxide
 Simethicone
CONTRAINDICATION
 Digoxin
 Phenytoin
 Ketoconazole
Iron Salts
 Isoniazid
 Quinolones
 Tetracycline
Note: If taken within 2 hours of ANTACID can decrease reduce absorption

ADVERSE REACTION
 Diarrhea
Constipation
 Electrolyte Imbalance
 Aluminum Accumulation in serum
ANTIBIOTICS
USED:
Drugs that interfere or kill bacteria or inhibit the
growth bacteria
ANTIBIOTICS THAT MAY CAUSE
ADVERSE EFFECTS IN PREGNANCY
ANTIBIOTIC RISK
GROUP
 Tetralycline  Discoloration and Dysplasia
( Tetracycline, of fetal bones and teeth,
oxytetracycline, cataracts when used in second
doxycycline) and third trimester
ANTIBIOTIC RISK
GROUP
 Aminoglycoside Risk of ototoxicity but often
(gentamycin used in serious maternal
netilmmicin) infection where benefit
outweights risk.
 Chlorampehnicol  “Grey Baby Syndrome”
when used in second or third
trimester
 Nitrofurantoin  Haemolysis in fetus at term-
avoid during labour and
delivery but safe at other
times.
 Quinolones  Arthropathy in fetus most of
( Ciprofloxacin the evidence for this obtained
ofloxacin) from animal studies.

ANTIBIOTICS THAT MAY CAUSE


ADVERSE EFFECTS IN PREGNANCY
 Antibiotic Penicillins ( Alternatives if allergenic
benzye penicillins,
phenoxymethypenincillin
s
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin,
Co-amoxyclav
(Augmentin) fludoxacillin
Cephalosporins
(Cephradine, Cephalexin,
Cefuroxime,
Cephotaxime
ERTYTHROMYCIN  Avoid in first trimester
TRIMETHOPRIM

OXYTOCIN
USED:
 Induced labor for complete ,incomplete
abortions
 Treat pre - eclampsia, eclampsia and premature
rupture of the membranes.
 Control bleeding and uterine relaxation after
delivery
 hasten uterine shrinking after delivery.
 Stimulate lactation
OXYTOCIN IS USED TO INDUCE OR
REINFORCE LABOR ONLY WHEN:
 The mothers pelvis is known to be adequate.
 Vaginal delivery is indicated the fetus is mature.
 Fetal position is favorable
 Critical care facilities and an experienced
clinician are immediately available.
CONTRAINDICATION
 Alcohol
 Chloropropamide
 Barbiturates ( leading to arrythmias)
 Cyclosphosphamide
 Vasopresor (Anaesthetic, ephedrhin,
methoxamine
increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Postpartum rupture of cerebral blood vessels.
ADVERSE REACTION
 Hypersensitivity reaction
 Ringing of the ear
 Anxiety
 Hyponatremia ( low serum sodium levels)
 Proteins in the urine.
 Eclamptic attacks
 Pupil dilatation
 Transient edema
ADMINISTRATION
 Usually it is not given orally because they are
destroyed in the G.I. tract some of these hormones
can be administered topically, but most require
inejction.
 Metabolizes at receptor site and in the liver and
kidneys.
 Excreted primarily in urine.

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
USED:
 to treat hypertension, a disorder characterized by
elevation in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood
pressure
KINDS
1. ANGIOTENSIN
 Coverting enzyme (ACE) inihibitors
2. ANGIOTENSIN
 Receptor blockers (ARBS)
3. BETA
 Adrenergic Antagonist
4. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
INDICATION
 Reduction of sodium and water retention
 Blood pressure reduction
 Improve renal function in patients with diabetes
SIDE EFFECTS

 Headache
 Fatigue
 Dry, Non Productive, persistent.
 Cough
 Angioedema
 GI Reactions
 Increased serum potassium concentation.
 Tickling in the troat
 Transient elevations of BUN.
ANESTHETIC CRUGS
USED
Work primarily by drepressing the CNS.
 Producing loss of conciousness
 Loss of Responsiveness to sensory stimulation (
including pain)
 Muscle relaxation

ADVERSE REACTION:

 Malignant hyperthermia, characterized by


suddent and usually lethal increase in body
temperature.
 Depression of breathing and circulation
Hypothermia
 Confusion
Sedation
Nausea and vomitting
Ataxia:

You might also like