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    By: Aashutosh Maurya 1516440002: Silicone Crystal Solar Cell

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    Abhishek Verma
    Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. They are made of semiconducting materials, mainly silicon, that generate electricity when exposed to light. There are three main types of silicon solar cells: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous. Monocrystalline cells are the most efficient as they are made of pure silicon but are also the most expensive. Solar cells find uses in renewable power generation and powering remote devices, with advantages of being clean, fuel-free, and capable of handling wide ranges of power.

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    By: Aashutosh Maurya 1516440002: Silicone Crystal Solar Cell

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Verma
    27 views23 pages
    Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. They are made of semiconducting materials, mainly silicon, that generate electricity when exposed to light. There are three main types of silicon solar cells: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous. Monocrystalline cells are the most efficient as they are made of pure silicon but are also the most expensive. Solar cells find uses in renewable power generation and powering remote devices, with advantages of being clean, fuel-free, and capable of handling wide ranges of power.

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    Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. They are made of semiconducting materials, mainly silicon, that generate electricity when exposed to light. There are three main types of silicon solar cells: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous. Monocrystalline cells are the most efficient as they are made of pure silicon but are also the most expensive. Solar cells find uses in renewable power generation and powering remote devices, with advantages of being clean, fuel-free, and capable of handling wide ranges of power.

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    27 views23 pages

    By: Aashutosh Maurya 1516440002: Silicone Crystal Solar Cell

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Verma
    Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. They are made of semiconducting materials, mainly silicon, that generate electricity when exposed to light. There are three main types of silicon solar cells: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous. Monocrystalline cells are the most efficient as they are made of pure silicon but are also the most expensive. Solar cells find uses in renewable power generation and powering remote devices, with advantages of being clean, fuel-free, and capable of handling wide ranges of power.

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    of 23

    SILICONE CRYSTAL SOLAR CELL

    By:
    Aashutosh Maurya
    1516440002
    What is a solar cell?
    • A structure that converts solar energy directly to
    DC electric energy.
    – It supplies a voltage and a current to a resistive load
    (light, battery, motor).
    • It is like a battery because it supplies DC power.
    • It is different from a battery in the sense that the
    voltage supplied by the cell changes with changes
    in the resistance of the load.
    Basic Physics of Solar Cells
    • Silicon (Si) is from group 4 of the period
    table. When many Si atoms are in close
    proximity, the energy states form bands of
    forbidden energy states.
    • One of these bands is called the band
    gap(Eg) and the absorption of light in Si is a
    strong function of Eg.
    Basic Physics of Solar Cells
    • Si is covalently bonded: It shares electrons.
    – When a Si atom is replaced with a group 3 (Al, B) it
    forms a positive particle called a hole that can move
    around the crystal through diffusion or drift (electric
    field).
    – When a Si atom is replaced with a group 5 (As, P) it
    forms an electron that can move around the crystal.
    – By selectively doping the Si Crystal when can change
    the resistivity and which type of carrier transfers charge
    (carries current). Because we can selectively dope a Si
    crystal it is called a semiconductor.
    Photovoltaic effect
    Light
    Definition: energy
    The generation
    of voltage across the
    PN junction in a
    semiconductor due n-type semiconductor
    to the absorption of Electrical
    Power
    light radiation is p- type semiconductor
    called photovoltaic
    effect. The Devices
    based on this effect
    p-n junction
    is called photovoltaic
    device.
    Basics of solar cells
    • If two differently contaminated semiconductor layers are
    combined, then a so-called p-n-junction results on the boundary
    of the layers. p-n junction layer

    n-type semiconductor

    p- type semiconductor

    • By doping trivalent element, we get p-type semiconductor. (with


    excess amount of hole)

    • By doping pentavalent element, we get n-type semiconductor


    ( with excess amount of electron)
    Solar Cell Principle

     Operating diode in fourth quadrant generates power


    Solar Energy Spectrum
    •

    • Power reaching earth 1.37 KW/m2


    Electron Hole Formation
    • Photovoltaic energy conversion relies on the number
    of photons striking the earth. (photon is a flux of light
    particles)
    On a clear day, about 4.4 x 1017 photons strike a square
    centimeter of the Earth's surface every second.
    • Only some of these photons - those with energy in
    excess of the band gap - can be converted into
    electricity by the solar cell.
    • When such photon enters the semiconductor, it may
    be absorbed and promote an electron from the valence band
    to the conduction band.
    Conduction band

    electron

    Photons

    hole
    Valence band

    Therefore, a vacant is created in the valence band and it is


    called hole.
    • Now, the electron in the conduction band and hole in
    valence band combine together and forms electron-hole pairs.
    Single Solar cell

    N-type

    P-type
    Types of Solar cell
    Based on the types of crystal used, soar cells can be classified as,
    1. Monocrystalline silicon cells
    2. Polycrystalline silicon cells
    3. Amorphous silicon cells
    1. The Monocrystalline silicon cell is produced from pure
    silicon (single crystal). Since the Monocrystalline silicon is
    pure and defect free, the efficiency of cell will be higher.

    2. In polycrystalline solar cell, liquid silicon is used as raw material


    and polycrystalline silicon was obtained followed by solidification
    process. The materials contain various crystalline sizes. Hence,
    the efficiency of this type of cell is less than Monocrystalline cell.
    Amorphous Silicon

    Amorphous silicon is obtained by depositing silicon film


    on the substrate like glass plate.

    •The layer thickness amounts to less than 1µm – the


    thickness of a human hair for comparison is 50-100 µm.

    •The efficiency of amorphous cells is much lower than that


    of the other two cell types.

    As a result, they are used mainly in low power


    equipment, such as watches and pocket calculators,
    or as facade elements.
    Uses of Solar Cells

    • Renewable power
    • Power for remote locations
    Advantages of Solar Cells
    • Consumes no fuel
    • No pollution
    • Wide power-handling capabilities
    • High power-to-weight ratio
    REFERENCES
    • www.howstuffworks.com
    • www.solarcell.net.in
    • www.wikipedia.org
    • www.google.com

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