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What Is Android

Android is a software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications for mobile devices. It uses the Linux kernel for core system services and a custom Dalvik virtual machine. Android allows developers to build rich mobile apps using Java and exposes platform features like hardware, location and notifications through its application framework.

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Naivil Patel
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28 views16 pages

What Is Android

Android is a software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications for mobile devices. It uses the Linux kernel for core system services and a custom Dalvik virtual machine. Android allows developers to build rich mobile apps using Java and exposes platform features like hardware, location and notifications through its application framework.

Uploaded by

Naivil Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Android?

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an


operating system, middleware and key applications.
OR
A software platform and operating system for mobile devices

The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to


begin developing applications on the Android platform using
the Java programming language.
Features

• Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of


components

• Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices

• Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine

• Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics


library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0(API)
specification

• SQLite for structured data storage


Continue…
• Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats
(MPEG4, H.264(or AVC (Advanced Video Coding) ), MP3, AAC, AMR,
JPG, PNG, GIF)

• GSM Telephony(Global System for Mobile ) (hardware dependent)

• Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)

• Camera, GPS & compass (hardware dependent)

• Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for


debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse
IDE
Android Architecture
Applications

• Android will ship with a set of core applications including


– an email client
– SMS program
– calendar
– maps
– browser
– contacts, and others.
All applications are written using the Java programming language.
Application Framework

• By providing an open development platform, Android offers


developers the ability to build extremely rich and innovative
applications.

• Developers are free to take advantage of


– the device hardware
– access location information
– run background services
– set alarms
– add notifications to the status bar, and much, much more.
• Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used
by the core applications.

• The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse


of components; any application can publish its capabilities and
any other application may then make use of those capabilities

• This same mechanism allows components to be replaced by


the user.
Android S/W Stack –App Framework

Most of the application framework


accesses these core libraries
through the DalvikVM
• A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an application,
including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web
browser

• Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other


applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data

• A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as


localized strings, graphics, and layout files

• A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom


alerts in the status bar

• An Activity Manager that manages the lifecycle of applications &


provides a common navigation backstack
Android S/W Stack -Libraries
Including a set of C/C++ libraries
used by components of the Android
system

Exposed to developers through the


Android application framework
Libraries
• System C library - a BSD(Berkeley Software Distribution)-derived
implementation of the standard C system library (libc), tuned
for embedded Linux-based devices

• Media Libraries - the libraries support playback and


recording of many popular audio and video formats, as well as
static image files, including MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC,
AMR, JPG, and PNG

• Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem


and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from
multiple applications

• LibWebCore - a modern web browser engine which powers


both the Android browser and an embeddable web view
• SGL(Scalable Graphics Library ) - the underlying 2D
graphics engine

• 3D libraries - an implementation based on OpenGL ES 1.0


APIs;

• FreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering

• SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database


engine available to all applications
Android S/W Stack -Runtime
Core Libraries:
Providing most of the functionality
available in the core libraries of the
Java language
DVM
• Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of
the Dalvik virtual machine.

• Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently.

• The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format


which is optimized for minimal memory footprint.

• The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language


compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included
"dx" tool.

• The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionality such
as threading and low-level memory management
Android S/W Stack –Linux Kernel
Relying on Linux Kernel
2.6 for core system
services
Linux Kernel

• Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services


such as
– Security
– memory management
– process management
– network stack
– and driver model.
The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the
hardware and the rest of the software stack.

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