Building Construction 1 JORAM

It is done with a line level or carpenter’s level, or with a transit; height of
the batter boards may be level with or a little higher that the top of the
finished foundation.
a. Flatting
b. Staking
c. Grading
d. Leveling
e. None of the above
It is done with a line level or carpenter’s level, or with a transit; height of
the batter boards may be level with or a little higher that the top of the
finished foundation.
a. Flatting
b. Staking
c. Grading
d. Leveling
_______ are either plastic cords or galvanized wires strung across batter boards
and used to indicate the outline of the building wall and foundation.
a. Batterboards
b. Stakes
c. Property Wires
d. Strings
_______ are either plastic cords or galvanized wires strung across batter boards
and used to indicate the outline of the building wall and foundation.
a. Batterboards
b. Stakes
c. Property Wires
d. Strings
It is the process of relocating the point of boundaries and property line of the
site where the building is to be constructed.
a. Setback
b. Plotting of lot
c. Staking-out
d. Fencing-out
It is the process of relocating the point of boundaries and property line of the
site where the building is to be constructed.
a. Setback
b. Plotting of lot
c. Staking-out
d. Fencing-out
_______ are wooden sticks used as posts sharpened at one end driven into the
ground to serve as boundaries or supports of the batter boards.
a. Batterboards
b. Stakes
c. Property Sticks
d. Mark Sticks
_______ are wooden sticks used as posts sharpened at one end driven into the
ground to serve as boundaries or supports of the batter boards.
a. Batterboards
b. Stakes
c. Property Sticks
d. Mark Sticks
Wood sticks or boards nailed horizontally at the stake which serve as
the horizontal plane where the reference point of the building
measurements are established.
a. Batterboards
b. Stakes
c. Property Wires
d. Strings
Wood sticks or boards nailed horizontally at the stake which serve as the
horizontal plane where the reference point of the building measurements
are established.
a. Batterboards
b. Stakes
c. Property Wires
d. Strings
An instrument or tool capable of vertical and horizontal line
check.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
c. 3-4-5 Multiples with the use of Steel Tape Measure
d. Plastic hose filled with water
An instrument or tool capable of vertical and horizontal line
check.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
A weight attached to a string, used for vertical line check.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
A weight attached to a string, used for vertical line check.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
A method of leveling horizontally batter boards without transit.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
A method of leveling horizontally batter boards without transit.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
A manual method of squaring the corners of building lines in staking.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
A manual method of squaring the corners of building lines in staking.
a. Spirit level
b. Plumb bob
Used to shape and support fresh concrete until cured and able to support
itself.
a. Support
b. Shaping woods
c. Curing forms
d. Formwork
Used to shape and support fresh concrete until cured and able to support
itself.
a. Support
b. Shaping woods
c. Curing forms
d. Formwork
Which of the following materials being used for form construction.
a. Plywood
b. Steel
c. Fiber boards
d. Phenolic boards
e. All of the above
Which of the following materials being used for form construction.
a. Plywood
b. Steel
c. Fiber boards
d. Phenolic boards
e. All of the above
Temporary supports designed to carry forms for beams and slabs.
a. Columns
b. Shoring
c. Curing forms
d. Formwork
Temporary supports designed to carry forms for beams and slabs.
a. Columns
b. Shoring
c. Curing forms
d. Formwork
Two major materials used for shoring construction are:
a. Lumber and Steel

b. Steel and iron
c. Lumber and fiberboards
d. Fiberboards and metal/iron
Two major materials used for shoring construction are:
a. Lumber and Steel

b. Steel and iron
c. Lumber and fiberboards
d. Fiberboards and metal/iron
It is a thermosetting, waterproof, low-cost, mold-resistant, high strength
synthetic resin made from phenol and formaldehyde; has good resistance
to aging; used extensively in the manufacture of adhesives, exterior and
marine plywood, laminated products, and molded articles.
a. Phenolic resin
b. Plywood
c. Phenol-formaldehyde resin
d. Both A & C
e. All of the above
It is a thermosetting, waterproof, low-cost, mold-resistant, high strength
synthetic resin made from phenol and formaldehyde; has good resistance
to aging; used extensively in the manufacture of adhesives, exterior and
marine plywood, laminated products, and molded articles.
a. Phenolic resin
b. Plywood
c. Phenol-formaldehyde resin
d. Both A & C
e. All of the above
Used to prevent concrete from adhering to the wood and preserve the
forms against damage by alternate wetting and drying; on forms against
surfaces which are to be plastered, wetting with water will be sufficient
since oiling prevents adhesion of the plaster
a. Water and soap

b. Water only
c. crude oil and petroline
d. admixtures
Used to prevent concrete from adhering to the wood and preserve the
forms against damage by alternate wetting and drying; on forms against
surfaces which are to be plastered, wetting with water will be sufficient
since oiling prevents adhesion of the plaster
a. Water and soap

b. Water only
c. crude oil and petroline
d. admixtures
Plywood forms used where a smooth surface is required; should be
waterproof, _________ and at least _________ thick.
a. Grade “B” , 1”
b. Grade “A” , ½”
c. Grade “A” , 1”
d. Grade “B” , ½”
Plywood forms used where a smooth surface is required; should be
waterproof, _________ and at least _________ thick.
a. Grade “B” , 1”
b. Grade “A” , ½”
c. Grade “A” , 1”
d. Grade “B” , ½”
Are clamping devices for keeping column forms and tops of wall forms from
spreading under the fluid pressure of newly placed concrete
a. Yokes
b. Batter boards
c. stakes
d. Clamping boards
Are clamping devices for keeping column forms and tops of wall forms from
spreading under the fluid pressure of newly placed concrete
a. Yokes
b. Batter boards
c. stakes
d. Clamping boards
______ have notches or crimps that allow their ends to be snapped off
below the concrete surface after stripping off the forms
a. She Bolts
b. He bolts
c. Snap ties
d. Span ties
______ have notches or crimps that allow their ends to be snapped off
below the concrete surface after stripping off the forms
a. She Bolts
b. He bolts
c. Snap ties
d. Span ties
______ are temporary platforms designed to support workers and
materials on the face of a structure and to provide access to work areas
above the ground.
a. Ladder platforms
b. ledger
c. Scaffolds
d. Brace
______ are temporary platforms designed to support workers and
materials on the face of a structure and to provide access to work areas
above the ground.
a. Ladder platforms
b. ledger
c. Scaffolds
d. Brace
______ consist of waler rods that are inserted through the form and
threaded onto the ends of an inner rod. After striping, the waler rods are
removed for reuse while the inner rod remains in the concrete
a. She Bolts
b. He bolts
c. Snap ties
d. Span ties
______ consist of waler rods that are inserted through the form and
threaded onto the ends of an inner rod. After striping, the waler rods are
removed for reuse while the inner rod remains in the concrete
a. She Bolts
b. He bolts
c. Snap ties
d. Span ties
It is the horizontal brace of metal shoring .
a. Jacks
b. ledger
c. Standard
d. Brace
It is the horizontal brace of metal shoring .
a. Jacks
b. ledger
c. Standard
d. Brace
It is the vertical component of metal shoring .
a. Jacks
b. ledger
c. Standard
d. Brace
It is the vertical component of metal shoring .
a. Jacks
b. ledger
c. Standard
d. Brace
It is the diagonal component of metal shoring. This component may be of
the adjustable and the fixed type.
a. Jacks
b. ledger
c. Standard
d. Brace
It is the diagonal component of metal shoring. This component may be of
the adjustable and the fixed type.
a. Jacks
b. ledger
c. Standard
d. Brace
Are those that employ power supplied by forces other than that coming
from humans.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
Are those that employ power supplied by forces other than that coming
from humans.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
Are the tools that use power delivered by man only.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
Are the tools that use power delivered by man only.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
Is equipment which is very large and very powerful.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
Is equipment which is very large and very powerful.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
Is a term that refers to large, complex tools and machines that is designed
to do a particular job.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
Is a term that refers to large, complex tools and machines that is designed
to do a particular job.
a. Equipment
b. Heavy Equipment
c. Power Tools
d. Hand Tools
It is used to force open boards used in forming concrete.
a. Folding rule
b. Digital rule
c. Pry bar
d. Level
It is used to force open boards used in forming concrete.
a. Folding rule
b. Digital rule
c. Pry bar
d. Level
Are the most common tools for measuring boards, pipe, wire, etc.
a. Folding rule & tape measure

b. Digital rule
c. Pry bar
d. Level
Are the most common tools for measuring boards, pipe, wire, etc.

b. Digital rule
c. Pry bar
d. Level
It is used to measure relatively long distances such as those in highway
construction.

b. Digital rule
c. Pry bar
d. Level
It is used to measure relatively long distances such as those in highway
construction.

b. Digital rule
c. Pry bar
d. Level
It is a layout tool that is used to measure 90-degree angles at the corners
of framework and joints. They can also be employed to determine cutting
angles on dimension lumber.
a. Framing square
b. level
c. T-square
d. Chalk line
It is a layout tool that is used to measure 90-degree angles at the corners
of framework and joints. They can also be employed to determine cutting
angles on dimension lumber.
a. Framing square
b. level
c. T-square
d. Chalk line
Also called chalk box and it is used for marking lines.
a. Framing square
b. Level
c. T-square
d. Chalk line
Also called chalk box and it is used for marking lines.
a. Framing square
b. Level
c. T-square
d. Chalk line
It is a long, straight tool that contains one or more vials of liquid and used
to determine if the horizontal or vertical is exact.
a. Framing square
b. Level
c. T-square
d. Chalk line
It is a long, straight tool that contains one or more vials of liquid and used
to determine if the horizontal or vertical is exact.
a. Framing square
b. Level
c. T-square
d. Chalk line
It is an ordinary hammer used to drive or remove nails.
a. Standard hammer
b. Sledge hammer
c. Claw hammer
d. Driving hammer
It is an ordinary hammer used to drive or remove nails.
a. Standard hammer
b. Sledge hammer
c. Claw hammer
d. Driving hammer
It is a heavy hammer used to drive stakes into the ground and to break up
concrete and stone.
a. Standard hammer
b. Sledge hammer
c. Claw hammer
d. Driving hammer
It is a heavy hammer used to drive stakes into the ground and to break up
concrete and stone.
a. Standard hammer
b. Sledge hammer
c. Claw hammer
d. Driving hammer
A type of screwdriver which has a flat tip and is designed to fit a standard
slotted screw.
a. Phillips screwdriver
b. Spiral ratchet screwdriver
c. Standard screwdriver
d. Sledge screwdriver
A type of screwdriver which has a flat tip and is designed to fit a standard
slotted screw.
A type of screwdriver which has an X-shaped tip and is used to turn Phillips-
head screws only.
A type of screwdriver which has an X-shaped tip and is used to turn Phillips-
head screws only.
A type of screwdriver which relies on a pushing force rather than a twisting
force.
A type of screwdriver which relies on a pushing force rather than a twisting
force.
A type of handsaw which has chisel-like teeth designed for ripping or
cutting with the grain of wood.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of handsaw which has chisel-like teeth designed for ripping or
cutting with the grain of wood.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of handsaw which is used to cut across the grain of wood.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of handsaw which is used to cut across the grain of wood.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of handsaw which is a special type of handsaw that has a very thin
blade and makes very straight cuts such as those on trims and mouldings.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of handsaw which is a special type of handsaw that has a very thin
blade and makes very straight cuts such as those on trims and mouldings.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of handsaw which is used to cut metals.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of handsaw which is used to cut metals.
a. Backsaw
b. Hacksaw
c. Ripsaw
d. Crosscut saw
A type of chisel which is used to trim metals.
a. Cold chisel
b. Wood chisel
c. Metal chisel
d. Joint chisel
A type of chisel which is used to trim metals.
a. Cold chisel
b. Wood chisel
c. Metal chisel
d. Joint chisel
A type of chisel which is used to trim wood and clear away excess material
from wood joints.
a. Cold chisel
b. Wood chisel
c. Warm chisel
d. Joint chisel
A type of chisel which is used to trim wood and clear away excess material
from wood joints.
a. Cold chisel
b. Wood chisel
c. Warm chisel
d. Joint chisel
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to drive finishing nails below
the surface of a wooden trim or molding.
a. Nail set
b. Pipe wrench
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to drive finishing nails below
the surface of a wooden trim or molding.
a. Nail set
b. Pipe wrench
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to turn round objects like
pipes.
a. Nail set
b. Pipe wrench
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to turn round objects like
pipes.
a. Nail set
b. Pipe wrench
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to place and trim mortar
between bricks or concrete blocks.
a. Nail set
b. Brick trowel
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to place and trim mortar
between bricks or concrete blocks.
a. Nail set
b. Brick trowel
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to smoothen out the surface
of wet concrete.
a. Nail set
b. Brick trowel
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to smoothen out the surface
of wet concrete.
a. Nail set
b. Brick trowel
c. Chisel
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to fasten pieces of sheet
metal together.
a. Welding machine
b. Brick trowel
c. Blind riveter
d. Bull float
A type of specialized hand tool which is used to fasten pieces of sheet
metal together.
a. Welding machine
b. Brick trowel
c. Blind riveter
d. Bull float
A type of power tool which is used to drill holes in wood, metal and
concrete.
a. Power drill
b. Power screwdriver
c. Wood driller
d. Driller machine
A type of power tool which is used to drill holes in wood, metal and
concrete.
a. Power drill
c. Wood driller
d. Driller machine
A type of power tool which is used to install and remove screws. Also called
screwgun.
a. Power drill
c. Wood driller
d. Driller machine
A type of power tool which is used to install and remove screws. Also called
screwgun.
a. Power drill
c. Wood driller
d. Driller machine
A type of power saw which is used for crosscutting wood and consists of a
motor-driven saw blade that is hung on an arm over a table.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Hacksaw
c. Backsaw
d. Table saw
A type of power saw which is used for crosscutting wood and consists of a
motor-driven saw blade that is hung on an arm over a table.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Hacksaw
c. Backsaw
d. Table saw
A type of power saw which is used for cutting large sheets of wood and
wood composites and consists of a blade mounted on an electric motor
beneath a table-like surface.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Hacksaw
c. Backsaw
d. Table saw
A type of power saw which is used for cutting large sheets of wood and
wood composites and consists of a blade mounted on an electric motor
beneath a table-like surface.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Hacksaw
c. Backsaw
d. Table saw
A type of power saw which is used for cutting materials that are difficult to
cut with stationary tools.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Power miter saw
c. Portable circular saw
d. Saber saw
A type of power saw which is used for cutting materials that are difficult to
cut with stationary tools.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Power miter saw
d. Saber saw
A type of power saw which is used to cut curves or holes in floors and roofs
for pipes and has a small knife-shaped blade that moves up and down.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Power miter saw
d. Saber saw
A type of power saw which is used to cut curves or holes in floors and roofs
for pipes and has a small knife-shaped blade that moves up and down.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Power miter saw
d. Saber saw
A type of power hammer which is used to break up concrete or asphalt
paving. Also called jackhammer.
a. Rotary hammer
b. Pneumatic hammer
c. Automatic hammer
d. Concrete hammer
A type of power hammer which is used to break up concrete or asphalt
paving. Also called jackhammer.
a. Rotary hammer
b. Pneumatic hammer
c. Automatic hammer
d. Concrete hammer
A type of power hammer which is like an electric drill that operates with
both rotating and reciprocating actions and is used to drill holes in
concrete.
a. Rotary hammer
b. Pneumatic hammer
c. Automatic hammer
d. Concrete hammer
A type of power hammer which is like an electric drill that operates with
both rotating and reciprocating actions and is used to drill holes in
concrete.
a. Rotary hammer
b. Pneumatic hammer
c. Automatic hammer
d. Concrete hammer
A type of power nailers and staplers which fasten materials together by
shooting nails into the building material.
a. Powder-actuated stud driver

b. Staplers
c. Nailers or nail guns
d. Gun stapler
A type of power nailers and staplers which fasten materials together by
shooting nails into the building material.

b. Staplers
d. Gun stapler
A type of power saw which is a circular saw mounted over a small table
used to cut various angles in wood.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Power miter saw
d. Saber saw
A type of power saw which is a circular saw mounted over a small table
used to cut various angles in wood.
a. Radial arm saw

b. Power miter saw
d. Saber saw
A type of power nailers and staplers which is a kind of nailer that is
powered by gunpowder and is used to drive long pins into wood, steel or
concrete.

b. Staplers
d. Gun stapler
A type of power nailers and staplers which is a kind of nailer that is
powered by gunpowder and is used to drive long pins into wood, steel or
concrete.

b. Staplers
d. Gun stapler
A type of power nailers and staplers which are like nailers but are loaded
with u-shaped staples instead of nails for fastening.

b. Staplers
d. Gun stapler
A type of power nailers and staplers which are like nailers but are loaded
with u-shaped staples instead of nails for fastening.

b. Staplers
d. Gun stapler
It is an equipment which moves materials other than fluids.
a. Conveyor
b. Elevator
c. Transporting machine
d. Lifting machine
It is an equipment which moves materials other than fluids.
a. Conveyor
b. Elevator
c. Transporting machine
d. Lifting machine
It is an equipment used by surveyors to measure horizontal and vertical
angles to obtain land elevation.
a. Surveyor’s level
b. Construction laser
c. Elevation meter
d. Transit
It is an equipment used by surveyors to measure horizontal and vertical
angles to obtain land elevation.
c. Elevation meter
d. Transit
A type of surveying equipment which is used to determine an unidentified
elevation from a known one.
c. Elevation meter
d. Transit
A type of surveying equipment which is used to determine an unidentified
elevation from a known one.
c. Elevation meter
d. Transit
A type of surveying equipment which flashes a narrow, accurate beam of
light to make a baseline for additional measurements and is used as a
level or as an alignment tool.
c. Elevation meter
d. Transit
A type of surveying equipment which flashes a narrow, accurate beam of
light to make a baseline for additional measurements and is used as a
level or as an alignment tool.
c. Elevation meter
d. Transit
It is used to pump water out of holes in the ground so that construction
work can commence.
a. Concrete pump
b. Construction pump
c. Water pump
d. Water dispenser
It is used to pump water out of holes in the ground so that construction
work can commence.
a. Concrete pump
c. Water pump
d. Water dispenser
It is used to move concrete from the concrete mixer to the concrete form.
a. Concrete pump
c. Water pump
d. Water dispenser
It is used to move concrete from the concrete mixer to the concrete form.
a. Concrete pump
c. Water pump
d. Water dispenser
It is used to weld materials by melting portions of the metal.
a. Laser-powered welder
b. Metal welding machine
c. Arc welding machine
d. Melting machine
It is used to weld materials by melting portions of the metal.
d. Melting machine
A machine that mixes concrete ingredients by means of a rotating drum.
Raw materials are introduced into the mixing drum through its open end
and discharged by tilting the mixing drum to allow the concrete to pour out.
a. Concrete pump
b. Concrete Mixer (Cement Mixer)
c. Drum mixer
d. Arbitrary
A machine that mixes concrete ingredients by means of a rotating drum.
Raw materials are introduced into the mixing drum through its open end
and discharged by tilting the mixing drum to allow the concrete to pour out.
a. Concrete pump
b. Concrete Mixer (Cement Mixer)
c. Drum mixer
d. Arbitrary
It is used to weld material by employing a laser to heat the metal.
d. Melting machine
It is used to weld material by employing a laser to heat the metal.
d. Melting machine
It is a tractor with a pushing blade which moves earth and clears land of
bushes and trees.
a. Cranes
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a tractor with a pushing blade which moves earth and clears land of
bushes and trees.
a. Cranes
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
Are machines that lift large and heavy materials.
a. Cranes
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
Are machines that lift large and heavy materials.
a. Cranes
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a crane mounted on metal treads so that it can move over rough
terrain.
a. Cranes
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a crane mounted on metal treads so that it can move over rough
terrain.
a. Cranes
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a type of crane which is mounted on a truck frame so that it can be
driven in the site.
a. Tower crane
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a type of crane which is mounted on a truck frame so that it can be
driven in the site.
a. Tower crane
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a type of crane which is is used in the construction of tall building
because it has a built-in jack that raises the crane from floor to floor as the
building is constructed. Also called climbing crane.
a. Tower crane
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a type of crane which is is used in the construction of tall building
because it has a built-in jack that raises the crane from floor to floor as the
building is constructed. Also called climbing crane.
a. Tower crane
b. Crawler crane
c. Truck crane
d. Bulldozer
It is a machine used for digging or scooping earth from a place and
depositing it in another.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a machine used for digging or scooping earth from a place and
depositing it in another.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a type of excavator is used for general digging which is usually
mounted on either a crawler or truck frame.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Dual Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a type of excavator is used for general digging which is usually
mounted on either a crawler or truck frame.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Dual Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a type of excavator and is a special kind which digs trenches or long,
narrow ditches for pipelines or cables.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Dual Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a type of excavator and is a special kind which digs trenches or long,
narrow ditches for pipelines or cables.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Dual Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a type of excavator which is a large shoveling machine that can scoop
or deposit a large amount of material.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Dual Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a type of excavator which is a large shoveling machine that can scoop
or deposit a large amount of material.
a. Backhoe
b. Front-end loader
c. Dual Excavator
d. Trencher
It is a type of highway construction equipment which is a machine that
loads, hauls and dumps soil over medium to long distances.
a. Scraper
b. Compactor or roller
c. Grader
d. Paver
It is a type of highway construction equipment which is a machine that
loads, hauls and dumps soil over medium to long distances.
a. Scraper
c. Grader
d. Paver
It is a type of highway construction equipment which is an earthworking
machine that grades or levels the ground.
a. Scraper
c. Grader
d. Paver
It is a type of highway construction equipment which is an earthworking
machine that grades or levels the ground.
a. Scraper
c. Grader
d. Paver
It is a type of highway construction equipment and is a machine that
places, spreads and finishes concrete or asphalt paving material.
a. Scraper
c. Grader
d. Paver
places, spreads and finishes concrete or asphalt paving material.
a. Scraper
c. Grader
d. Paver
compacts soil to prepare for road paving.
a. Scraper
c. Grader
d. Paver
compacts soil to prepare for road paving.
a. Scraper
c. Grader
d. Paver
The portion of the building above the ground.
a. Foundation
b. Substructure
c. Main Structure
d. Superstructure
The portion of the building above the ground.
a. Foundation
b. Substructure
c. Main Structure
d. Superstructure
The habitable portion of the building found below the ground.
a. Foundation
b. Substructure
c. Main Structure
d. Superstructure
The habitable portion of the building found below the ground.
a. Foundation
b. Substructure
c. Main Structure
d. Superstructure
The structural portion of the building that transfer the buildings load into
the soil.
a. Foundation
b. Substructure
c. Main Structure
d. Superstructure
The structural portion of the building that transfer the buildings load into
the soil.
a. Foundation
b. Substructure
c. Main Structure
d. Superstructure
The three types of substructures are:
a. Slab on Fill
b. Atrium
c. Crawl Space
d. Basement
e. a, c & d
f. A, b & d
The three types of substructures are:
a. Slab on Fill
b. Atrium
c. Crawl Space
d. Basement
e. a, c & d
f. A, b & d
The word “foundation” is applied to: Construction below grade, such as
footing courses, basement walls, etc., forming the lower section of a
structure. True or false?
a. True
b. False
c. Partly true
d. Partly false
The word “foundation” is applied to: Construction below grade, such as
footing courses, basement walls, etc., forming the lower section of a
structure. True or false?
a. True
b. False
c. Partly true
d. Partly false
The natural material on which the construction rests
a. Foundation walls
b. Foundation piers/columns
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
The natural material on which the construction rests
a. Foundation walls
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
That part of the building foundation which forms the permanent retaining
wall of the structure below grade.
a. Foundation walls
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
That part of the building foundation which forms the permanent retaining
wall of the structure below grade.
a. Foundation walls
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
Piers/columns below grade, to distinguish them from similar construction
above grade
a. Foundation walls
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
Piers/columns below grade, to distinguish them from similar construction
above grade
a. Foundation walls
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
That part of a foundation system which supports the exterior wall of the
superstructure and bears directly on the column footing.
a. Footing courses
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
That part of a foundation system which supports the exterior wall of the
superstructure and bears directly on the column footing.
a. Footing courses
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
Lower portions of walls, piers or columns which are spread to provide a
safe base
a. Footing courses
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
Lower portions of walls, piers or columns which are spread to provide a
safe base
a. Footing courses
c. Grade Beam
d. Foundation bed
A type of foundation bed which are undisturbed rock masses forming an
undisturbed part of the original rock-formation. Some examples of harder
rocks are granite, slate, sandstone, and limestone which are all capable of
carrying the load of any ordinary structure.
a. Decayed rock (rotten rock)

b. Loose rock
c. Rock (solid rock, bedrock or ledge)
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which are undisturbed rock masses forming an
undisturbed part of the original rock-formation. Some examples of harder
rocks are granite, slate, sandstone, and limestone which are all capable of
carrying the load of any ordinary structure.

b. Loose rock
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which consists of Sand, clays and other materials
resulting from the disintegration of rock masses, lacking the coherent
qualities but occupying the space formerly occupied by the original rock.

b. Loose rock
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which consists of Sand, clays and other materials
resulting from the disintegration of rock masses, lacking the coherent
qualities but occupying the space formerly occupied by the original rock.

b. Loose rock
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which consists of detached rock particles,
generally water-worn, rounded and intermediate in size between sand
particles and boulders.
a. Sand
b. Loose rock
c. Boulders
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which consists of detached rock particles,
generally water-worn, rounded and intermediate in size between sand
particles and boulders.
a. Sand
b. Loose rock
c. Boulders
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which consists of rock masses detached from the
ledge of which they originally formed a part.

b. Loose rock
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which consists of rock masses detached from the
ledge of which they originally formed a part.

b. Loose rock
d. Gravel
A type of foundation bed which consists of detached rock masses larger
than gravel, generally rounded and worn as a result of having been
transported by water a considerable distance from the ledges of which they
originally formed a part.
a. Sand
b. Loose rock
c. Boulders
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed which consists of detached rock masses larger
than gravel, generally rounded and worn as a result of having been
transported by water a considerable distance from the ledges of which they
originally formed a part.
a. Sand
b. Loose rock
c. Boulders
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed which consists of Non-coherent rock particles
smaller than ¼” in maximum dimension.
a. Sand
b. Clay
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed which consists of Non-coherent rock particles
smaller than ¼” in maximum dimension.
a. Sand
b. Clay
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and a plastic material resulting from the
decomposition and hydration of feld spathic rocks, being hydrated silicate
of alumina, generally mixed with powdered feldspar, quartz and other
materials.
a. Sand
b. Clay
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and a plastic material resulting from the
decomposition and hydration of feld spathic rocks, being hydrated silicate
of alumina, generally mixed with powdered feldspar, quartz and other
materials.
a. Sand
b. Clay
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and Any strong coherent mixture of clay or other
cementing material with sand, gravel and boulders.
a. Mud
b. Hard-pan
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and Any strong coherent mixture of clay or other
cementing material with sand, gravel and boulders.
a. Mud
b. Hard-pan
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and a finely divided earthy material deposited
from running water.
a. Mud
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and a finely divided earthy material deposited
from running water.
a. Mud
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and finely divided earthy material generally
containing vegetable matter and deposited from still or slowly moving
water.
a. Mud
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and finely divided earthy material generally
containing vegetable matter and deposited from still or slowly moving
water.
a. Mud
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and earthy material containing a proportion of
vegetable matter.
a. Peat
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Filled Ground
A type of foundation bed and earthy material containing a proportion of
vegetable matter.
a. Peat
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Filled Ground
A type of foundation bed and Earthy material containing a large proportion
of humus or vegetable matter.
a. Mud
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and Earthy material containing a large proportion
of humus or vegetable matter.
a. Mud
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Silt
A type of foundation bed and compressed and partially carbonized
vegetable matter.
a. Peat
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Filled Ground
A type of foundation bed and compressed and partially carbonized
vegetable matter.
a. Peat
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Filled Ground
A type of foundation bed; all artificial fills and some natural fills are liable
to a more or less uniform but continuous settlement or shrinkage due to
the gradual consolidation of the material of which the fill is composed
a. Peat
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Filled Ground
A type of foundation bed; all artificial fills and some natural fills are liable
to a more or less uniform but continuous settlement or shrinkage due to
the gradual consolidation of the material of which the fill is composed
a. Peat
b. Loam
c. Mould
d. Filled Ground
For shallow work, an open pit is the most suitable method since it calls for
an actual inspection of the undisturbed material over a considerable area.
a. Test borings
b. Inspection pits
c. Test pits
d. Open borings
For shallow work, an open pit is the most suitable method since it calls for
an actual inspection of the undisturbed material over a considerable area.
a. Test borings
b. Inspection pits
c. Test pits
d. Open borings
For excavations that are carried no deeper than the proposed level, the
underlying material may be investigated by _________.
a. Test borings
b. Inspection pits
c. Test pits
d. Open borings
For excavations that are carried no deeper than the proposed level, the
underlying material may be investigated by _________.
a. Test borings
b. Inspection pits
c. Test pits
d. Open borings
What are the two broad classes of soil.
a. Small-grained soil and Fine-grained soil

b. Small-grained soil and Large-grained soil
c. Course-grained soil and Fine-grained soil
d. Course-grained soil and Small-grained soil
What are the two broad classes of soil.
a. Small-grained soil and Fine-grained soil

b. Small-grained soil and Large-grained soil
c. Course-grained soil and Fine-grained soil
d. Course-grained soil and Small-grained soil
One of the classes of soil which consist of relatively large particles, visible
to the naked eyes.
a. Small-grained soil
b. Large-grained soil
c. Fine-grained soil
d. Course-grained soil
One of the classes of soil which consist of relatively large particles, visible
to the naked eyes.
One of the classes of soil which consist of much smaller particles, such as
silt and clay.
One of the classes of soil which consist of much smaller particles, such as
silt and clay.
It is the maximum unit pressure a foundation is permitted to impose
vertically or laterally on the soil mass.
a. Density
b. Allowable Bearing Capacity
c. Shearing Strength
d. Water Table
It is the maximum unit pressure a foundation is permitted to impose
vertically or laterally on the soil mass.
a. Density
d. Water Table
Stability and strength of soil bed
is defined by:
a. Density
d. Water Table
e. All of the above
Stability and strength of soil bed
is defined by:
a. Density
d. Water Table
e. All of the above
The critical factoring determining the bearing capacity of granular soils.
a. Density
d. Water Table
a. Density
d. Water Table
a. Density
d. Water Table
a. Density
d. Water Table
It measures the density of granular soils and the consistency of some
clays. It also records the number of blows required by a hammer to
advance a standard soil sampler.
a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

b. Shearing Strength
c. MDD - Maximum Dry Density
d. Water Table
It measures the density of granular soils and the consistency of some
clays. It also records the number of blows required by a hammer to
advance a standard soil sampler.

d. Water Table
It is the density of soil, or the like, after it has been heated at a
temperature of 221 deg F (105 deg C) to a dry condition.

d. Water Table
It is the density of soil, or the like, after it has been heated at a
temperature of 221 deg F (105 deg C) to a dry condition.

d. Water Table
Measure of the ability to resist displacement when an external force is
applied, due largely to the combined effects of cohesion and internal
friction.

d. Water Table
Measure of the ability to resist displacement when an external force is
applied, due largely to the combined effects of cohesion and internal
friction.

d. Water Table
Level beneath which the soil is saturated with groundwater.

d. Water Table
Level beneath which the soil is saturated with groundwater.

d. Water Table
It is the process of digging the earth to provide a place for the foundation of
the building.
a. Leveling and Grading

b. Stabilizing the Soil
c. Protection of adjoining structure
d. Excavating
the building.

d. Excavating
the building.

d. Excavating
the building.

d. Excavating
It is the process of compacting the soil on which the structure will rest.

d. Excavating
It is the process of compacting the soil on which the structure will rest.

d. Excavating
Process that change land elevation and slope by filling in low spots and
shaving off high spots.

d. Excavating
Process that change land elevation and slope by filling in low spots and
shaving off high spots.

d. Excavating
It is a law that provides that any person making an excavation is
responsible for resulting damage to adjoining property.

d. Excavating
It is a law that provides that any person making an excavation is
responsible for resulting damage to adjoining property.

d. Excavating
It is a process of transferring a portion of the load of the wall to temporary
footings and done when the excavation does not go much below the
adjoining footings and when the material is fairly solid.
a. Shoring
b. Stabilizing
c. Temporary foundation
d. Excavating
It is a process of transferring a portion of the load of the wall to temporary
footings and done when the excavation does not go much below the
adjoining footings and when the material is fairly solid.
a. Shoring
b. Stabilizing
c. Temporary foundation
d. Excavating
Shoring member which are timber, steel, or pre-cast planks driven side by
side to retain earth and prevent water from seeping into the exaction
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring member which are timber, steel, or pre-cast planks driven side by
side to retain earth and prevent water from seeping into the exaction
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring: These are continuous horizontal beams which tie the sheet piles
in place
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring: These are continuous horizontal beams which tie the sheet piles
in place
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring: These are steel H-sections driven vertically into the ground to
support
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring: These are steel H-sections driven vertically into the ground to
support
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring: These are heavy timber planks joined together horizontally to
retain the face of an excavation.
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring: These are heavy timber planks joined together horizontally to
retain the face of an excavation.
a. wales
b. sheet piles
c. soldier piles
d. lagging
Shoring member: These are diagonals which support the wales and soldier
piles bearing on heel blocks or footings.
a. crossbracing or rakers
b. tiebacks
c. needle
d. dead shore
Shoring member: These are diagonals which support the wales and soldier
piles bearing on heel blocks or footings.
b. tiebacks
c. needle
d. dead shore
Shoring member: Secured to rock or soil anchors are resorted to when
crossbracing or rakers would interfere with the excavation procedure.
b. tiebacks
c. needle
d. dead shore
Shoring member: Secured to rock or soil anchors are resorted to when
crossbracing or rakers would interfere with the excavation procedure.
b. tiebacks
c. needle
d. dead shore
A short beam passed through a wall as a temporary support while the
foundation or part beneath is repaired, altered or strengthened
a. Dead shore
b. Needle
c. Temporary beam
d. Alteration beam
A short beam passed through a wall as a temporary support while the
foundation or part beneath is repaired, altered or strengthened
a. Dead shore
b. Needle
c. Temporary beam
d. Alteration beam
It is a process where needles or girders are used in cases where part or all
of the weight of the wall has to be carried, as when the old footing is
removed and the wall underpinned or carried down to a new footing at a
greater depth.
a. Needles and pinning

b. Needling and underpinning
c. Temporary bracing
d. Support foundation
It is a process where needles or girders are used in cases where part or all
of the weight of the wall has to be carried, as when the old footing is
removed and the wall underpinned or carried down to a new footing at a
greater depth.
a. Needles and pinning

b. Needling and underpinning
c. Temporary bracing
d. Support foundation
An upright timber for supporting a dead load during the structural
alteration of a building, esp. one of two supports for a needle
a. Dead shore
b. Needle support
c. Temporary Support
d. Alteration Column
An upright timber for supporting a dead load during the structural
alteration of a building, esp. one of two supports for a needle
a. Dead shore
b. Needle support
c. Temporary Support
d. Alteration Column
Refers to the process of lowering a water table or preventing an excavation
from filling with groundwater. It is accomplished by driving perforated tubes
called well-points into the ground to collect water from the surrounding
area so it can be pumped away.
a. Water dispensing
b. Dewatering
c. Water pumping
d. Water table
Refers to the process of lowering a water table or preventing an excavation
from filling with groundwater. It is accomplished by driving perforated tubes
called well-points into the ground to collect water from the surrounding
area so it can be pumped away.
a. Water dispensing
b. Dewatering
c. Water pumping
d. Water table
It is necessary to prevent erosion and collection of excess surface water or
groundwater resulting from new construction.
a. Site drainage
b. Dewatering
c. Grading
d. Landscape
It is necessary to prevent erosion and collection of excess surface water or
groundwater resulting from new construction.
a. Site drainage
b. Dewatering
c. Grading
d. Landscape
It refers to the rainfall which runs over the surface of the ground. It is also
the water carried by an aggregate except that held by absorption within the
aggregate particles themselves.
a. Groundwater
b. Rainwater
c. Surface Water
d. Natural water
It refers to the rainfall which runs over the surface of the ground. It is also
the water carried by an aggregate except that held by absorption within the
aggregate particles themselves.
a. Groundwater
b. Rainwater
c. Surface Water
d. Natural water
It refers to the water, near the surface of the ground , which passes
through the subsoil.
a. Groundwater
b. Rainwater
c. Surface Water
d. Natural water
It refers to the water, near the surface of the ground , which passes
through the subsoil.
a. Groundwater
b. Rainwater
c. Surface Water
d. Natural water
It consists of an underground network of piping for conveying groundwater
to a point of disposal, as a storm sewer system or a natural outfall at a
lower elevation on the site. Excess groundwater can reduce the load-
carrying capacity of a foundation soil and increase the hydrostatic pressure
on a building foundation.
a. Drainage
b. Storm sewer
c. Surface drainage
d. Sub-surface drainage
It consists of an underground network of piping for conveying groundwater
to a point of disposal, as a storm sewer system or a natural outfall at a
lower elevation on the site. Excess groundwater can reduce the load-
carrying capacity of a foundation soil and increase the hydrostatic pressure
on a building foundation.
a. Drainage
b. Storm sewer
c. Surface drainage
d. Sub-surface drainage
Receptacles for the runoff of surface water. They have a basin or sump that
retains heavy sediment before it can pass into an underground drainpipe.
a. Foundation drainage tile or pipe

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
Receptacles for the runoff of surface water. They have a basin or sump that
retains heavy sediment before it can pass into an underground drainpipe.

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
Tile or piping for the collection of sub-surface water, dispersion of septic
tank effluent, and the like.

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
Tile or piping for the collection of sub-surface water, dispersion of septic
tank effluent, and the like.

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
Are drains or channels passing under a road or walkway.

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
Are drains or channels passing under a road or walkway.

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
Is a hollow tile, usually laid end to end as piping (with open joints) in soil in
order to drain water saturated soil, or used to permit fluid in the hollow-tile
pipe to disperse into the ground (as in an absorption field).

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
Is a hollow tile, usually laid end to end as piping (with open joints) in soil in
order to drain water saturated soil, or used to permit fluid in the hollow-tile
pipe to disperse into the ground (as in an absorption field).

b. Catch Basins
c. Drainage tile
d. Culverts
It refers to the grading and surfacing of a site in order to divert rain and
other surface water into natural drainage patterns or a municipal storm
sewer system.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
It refers to the grading and surfacing of a site in order to divert rain and
other surface water into natural drainage patterns or a municipal storm
sewer system.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
Shallow depressions formed by the intersection of two ground slopes,
designed to direct or divert the runoff of surface water. Grass swales slope
1.5% to 2%; while paved swales, 4% to 6%.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
Shallow depressions formed by the intersection of two ground slopes,
designed to direct or divert the runoff of surface water. Grass swales slope
1.5% to 2%; while paved swales, 4% to 6%.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
Receptacle designed to collect surface water or rainwater from an open
area.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
Receptacle designed to collect surface water or rainwater from an open
area.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
Are drainage pits lined with gravel or rubble to receive surface water and
allow it to percolate away to absorbent earth underground. Also called an
absorbing well.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
Are drainage pits lined with gravel or rubble to receive surface water and
allow it to percolate away to absorbent earth underground. Also called an
absorbing well.
a. Surface drainage
b. Swales
c. Dry Wells
d. Area Drain
Designed catchments areas for surface water.
a. Surface drainage
b. Absorption Field or Disposal Field
c. Ponds and Marshes
d. Absorption Trench
Designed catchments areas for surface water.
a. Surface drainage
A system of trenches containing coarse aggregate and distribution pipes
through which septic-tank effluent may seep into the surrounding soil.
a. Surface drainage
A system of trenches containing coarse aggregate and distribution pipes
through which septic-tank effluent may seep into the surrounding soil.
a. Surface drainage
A trench containing coarse aggregate and a distribution tile pipe through
which septic-tank effluent may flow, covered with earth.
a. Surface drainage
A trench containing coarse aggregate and a distribution tile pipe through
which septic-tank effluent may flow, covered with earth.
a. Surface drainage
The need for stabilizing a sloping ground can be reduced by diverting the
runoff at the top of the slope or by _____________to reduce the velocity of
the runoff.
a. creating a series of terraces

b. Slope protector
c. landscaping
d. drainage
The need for stabilizing a sloping ground can be reduced by diverting the
runoff at the top of the slope or by _____________to reduce the velocity of
the runoff.

b. Slope protector
c. landscaping
d. drainage
Natural means of stabilization include _______, plant materials that inhibit
or prevent erosion by providing a ground cover and forming a dense
network of roots that bind the soil.

b. soil binders
c. landscaping
d. drainage
Natural means of stabilization include _______, plant materials that inhibit
or prevent erosion by providing a ground cover and forming a dense
network of roots that bind the soil.

b. soil binders
c. landscaping
d. drainage
It is a cellular framework of squared steel, concrete, or timber members,
assembled in layers at right angles, and filled with earth or stones.
a. Cribbing
b. Retaining Structures
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
It is a cellular framework of squared steel, concrete, or timber members,
assembled in layers at right angles, and filled with earth or stones.
a. Cribbing
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
It is a layer of irregularly broken and random-sized stones placed on the
slope of an embankment.
a. Stone wall
b. Slope wall
c. Slope rocks
d. Riprap
It is a layer of irregularly broken and random-sized stones placed on the
slope of an embankment.
a. Stone wall
b. Slope wall
c. Slope rocks
d. Riprap
It is a type of gravity retaining wall formed by stacking modular, interlocking
pre-cast concrete units and filling the voids with crushed stone or gravel.
a. Cribbing
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
It is a type of gravity retaining wall formed by stacking modular, interlocking
pre-cast concrete units and filling the voids with crushed stone or gravel.
a. Cribbing
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
Are galvanized or PVC coated wire baskets filled with stones and stacked to
form an abutment or retaining structure.
a. Cribbing
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
Are galvanized or PVC coated wire baskets filled with stones and stacked to
form an abutment or retaining structure.
a. Cribbing
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
When a desired change in ground elevation exceeds the angle of repose of
the soil, a retaining wall becomes necessary to hold the mass of earth on
the uphill side of the grade change.
a. Cribbing
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
When a desired change in ground elevation exceeds the angle of repose of
the soil, a retaining wall becomes necessary to hold the mass of earth on
the uphill side of the grade change.
a. Cribbing
c. Gabions
d. Bin Wall
Types of RC retaining walls : Resists overturning and sliding by the sheer
weight and volume of its mass.
a. Gravity Retaining Wall

b. L-type Cantilevered Retaining Wall
c. T-type Cantilevered Retaining Wall
d. Counterfort Retaining Wall
Types of RC retaining walls : Resists overturning and sliding by the sheer
weight and volume of its mass.

Types of RC retaining walls : Limited to a height of 20’ (6 M); beyond this
height a counterfort wall is employed.

Types of RC retaining walls : Limited to a height of 20’ (6 M); beyond this
height a counterfort wall is employed.

Refers to backward sloping face of a wall as it rises to offset illusion of face
leaning forward

c. Batter
Refers to backward sloping face of a wall as it rises to offset illusion of face
leaning forward

c. Batter
Types of RC retaining walls : Utilizes triangular-shaped cross walls to stiffen
the vertical slab and add weight to the base. The counterforts are spaced
at equal intervals equal to one-half the wall height.

Types of RC retaining walls : Utilizes triangular-shaped cross walls to stiffen
the vertical slab and add weight to the base. The counterforts are spaced
at equal intervals equal to one-half the wall height.

Types of RC retaining walls : Used when the wall abuts a property line or
other obstruction.

Types of RC retaining walls : Used when the wall abuts a property line or
other obstruction.

It consists of unit pavers of concrete, brick, or stone laid on a sand setting
bed, are somewhat resilient and distribute loads to the subgrade in a
radiating manner. Requires wood, steel, stone, masonry, or concrete
edging to restrain horizontal movement.
a. Flexible Pavements
b. Rigid Pavements
c. Unit Pavements
d. Solid Pavements
It consists of unit pavers of concrete, brick, or stone laid on a sand setting
bed, are somewhat resilient and distribute loads to the subgrade in a
radiating manner. Requires wood, steel, stone, masonry, or concrete
edging to restrain horizontal movement.
b. Rigid Pavements
c. Unit Pavements
d. Solid Pavements
Provides a wearing surface for pedestrian or vehicular traffic in the
landscape. It is a composite structure whose thickness and construction
are directly related to type and intensity of traffic and loads to be carried
and bearing capacity and permeability of the subgrade.
a. Landscape
b. Paving
c. Flooring
d. Sidewalk
Provides a wearing surface for pedestrian or vehicular traffic in the
landscape. It is a composite structure whose thickness and construction
are directly related to type and intensity of traffic and loads to be carried
and bearing capacity and permeability of the subgrade.
a. Landscape
b. Paving
c. Flooring
d. Sidewalk
Are reinforced concrete slabs or paving units mortared over a concrete
slab, distribute the loads internally and transfer them to subgrade over a
broad area. Requires reinforcement and an extension of the base material
along their edges.
b. Rigid Pavements
c. Unit Pavements
d. Solid Pavements
along their edges.
b. Rigid Pavements
c. Unit Pavements
d. Solid Pavements
along their edges.
b. Rigid Pavements
c. Unit Pavements
d. Solid Pavements

Building Construction 1 JORAM

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It is done with a line level or carpenter’s level, or with a transit; height of

a. Lumber and Steel

a. Lumber and Steel

a. Water and soap

a. Water and soap

a. Folding rule & tape measure

a. Folding rule & tape measure

a. Folding rule & tape measure

a. Folding rule & tape measure

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Powder-actuated stud driver

a. Powder-actuated stud driver

a. Radial arm saw

a. Radial arm saw

a. Powder-actuated stud driver

a. Powder-actuated stud driver

a. Powder-actuated stud driver

a. Powder-actuated stud driver

a. Decayed rock (rotten rock)

a. Decayed rock (rotten rock)

a. Decayed rock (rotten rock)

a. Decayed rock (rotten rock)

a. Decayed rock (rotten rock)

a. Decayed rock (rotten rock)

a. Small-grained soil and Fine-grained soil

a. Small-grained soil and Fine-grained soil

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. SPT - Standard Penetration Test

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Leveling and Grading

a. Needles and pinning

a. Needles and pinning

a. Foundation drainage tile or pipe

a. Foundation drainage tile or pipe

a. Foundation drainage tile or pipe

a. Foundation drainage tile or pipe

a. Foundation drainage tile or pipe

a. Foundation drainage tile or pipe