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1-Exploring Random Variables

The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines key terms like sample space, random variables, and discrete vs. continuous random variables. Examples are provided of defining random variables for experiments like coin tosses and drawing balls from an urn to represent outcomes. The document also discusses constructing probability distributions by calculating the probabilities of each possible value of a random variable. Properties of probability distributions are defined, including probabilities between 0 and 1 and the sum of all probabilities equaling 1.

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Winer Emolotrab
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2K views

1-Exploring Random Variables

The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines key terms like sample space, random variables, and discrete vs. continuous random variables. Examples are provided of defining random variables for experiments like coin tosses and drawing balls from an urn to represent outcomes. The document also discusses constructing probability distributions by calculating the probabilities of each possible value of a random variable. Properties of probability distributions are defined, including probabilities between 0 and 1 and the sum of all probabilities equaling 1.

Uploaded by

Winer Emolotrab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Random Variables and

Probability Distribution
How do we use the
concept of Probability in
making decision?
Decision Making
 an important aspect in business, education,
insurance, and other real-life situations.
 Many decisions are made by assigning
probabilities to all possible outcomes pertaining
to the situation and then evaluating the result.
Lesson 1 Exploring Random
Variables
 Sample Space - The set of all
possible outcomes of an
experiment.
Review
ENTRY CARD
List the sample space of the following experiment.
Experiment Sample
space
Tossing three coins
Rolling a die and tossing a coin simultaneously
Drawing a spade from a deck of cards
Getting a defective item when two items are randomly
selected from a box of two defective and three non-
defective items.
Drawing a card greater than 7 from a deck of cards.
Halimbawa
Suppose three cell phones are tested at random. We want to
find out the number of defective cell phones that occur. Thus,
to each outcomes in a sample space we shall assign a value.
These are 0, 1, 2, 3, If there is no defective cell phone, we
assign the number 0; if there is 1 defective cellphone, we
assign the number 1; if there are two defective cell phones, we
assign the number 2; and 3, if there are three defective cell
phones. The number of defective cell phones is a random
variable. The possible values of this random are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Activity1: Tossing three coins

Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be


the random variable representing the
number of tails that occur. Find the
values of the random variable Y.
Complete the table.
Activity 2: Drawing Balls
from an Urn
Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement from an urn containing 5 red
balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random
variables representing the number of blue
balls. Find the values of the random variable
Z. Complete the table below.
Discrete Random Variable-
The set of possible outcomes
are countable.
Continuous Random Variable –
If it takes on values on
continuous scale. Hal. Heights,
weights and temperature.
Lesson 2. Constructing Probability
Distributions
ENTRY CARD
Event (E) Probability
P(E)
Getting an even number in a single roll of a die
Getting the sum of 6 when two dice are rolled
Getting an ace when a card is drawn from a deck.
Probability that all children are boys if a couple has three
children
Getting odd number and a tail when a die is rolled and a coin is
tossed simultaneously
Getting the sum of 11 when two dice are rolled
Getting a black card and a 10 when a card is drawn from a deck
Getting a red queen when a card is drawn from a deck.
Getting doubles when two dice a rolled
Getting a red ball from a box containing 3 red and 6 black balls
Halimbawa 1.
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y
be the random variable representing
the number of tails that occur, Find
the probability of each values of
random variable Y.
Halimbawa 2
Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement from an urn containing 5 red
balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the
random variable representing the number
of blue balls. Construct the probability of
the random variable Z.
Halimbawa 3.
Suppose three cell phones are tested at random. Let
D represent the defective cell phone and let N
represent the non- defective cellphone. If we let X
be the random variable from the number of
defective cell phones, construct the probability
distribution of the random variable X
Properties of a Probability
Distribution
 The probability of each value of the random
variable must be between or equal to 0 and 1.
Or 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑥) ≤ 1.
 The sum of the probabilities of all values of the
random variable must be equal to 1 or
σ 𝑃 𝑥 = 1.
   End   

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