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Bubble Sort Algorithm

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are out of order. It works by iterating through the list and swapping adjacent elements that are not in the correct order until no swaps are needed, indicating the list is fully sorted. However, its average and worst-case time complexity of O(n2) makes it inefficient for large data sets. The document then provides pseudocode and an example of how bubble sort works on sample data.

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PeterSimalike
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539 views

Bubble Sort Algorithm

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are out of order. It works by iterating through the list and swapping adjacent elements that are not in the correct order until no swaps are needed, indicating the list is fully sorted. However, its average and worst-case time complexity of O(n2) makes it inefficient for large data sets. The document then provides pseudocode and an example of how bubble sort works on sample data.

Uploaded by

PeterSimalike
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bubble Sort Algorithm

• Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm.


• This sorting algorithm is comparison-based algorithm in which each
pair of adjacent elements is compared and the elements are swapped
if they are not in order.
• This algorithm is not suitable for large data sets as its average and
worst case complexity are of Ο(n2) where n is the number of items in
a data structure.
How Bubble Sort Works?
• We take an unsorted array for our example.
• Bubble sort takes Ο(n2) time so we're keeping it short and precise.

• Bubble sort starts with very first two elements, comparing them to
check which one is greater.
How Bubble Sort Works?
• In this case, value 33 is greater than 14, so it is already in sorted
locations.
• Next, we compare 33 with 27.

• We find that 27 is smaller than 33 and these two values must be


swapped.
How Bubble Sort Works?

• The new array should look like this;

• Next we compare 33 and 35. We find that both are in already sorted
positions.
How Bubble Sort Works…
• Then we move to the next two values, 35 and 10.

• We know then that 10 is smaller 35. Hence they are not sorted.
How Bubble Sort Works …
• We swap these values. We find that we have reached the end of the
array.
• After one iteration, the array should look like this,

• To be precise, we are now showing how an array should look like after
each iteration.
• After the second iteration, it should look like this
How Bubble Sort Works …
• Notice that after each iteration, at least one value moves at the end.

• And when there's no swap required, bubble sorts learns that an array
is completely sorted.
Algorithm
• We assume list is an array of n elements.
• We further assume that swap function swaps the values of the given array
elements.
begin BubbleSort(list)
for all elements of list
if list[i] > list[i+1]
swap(list[i], list[i+1])
end if
end for
return list
end BubbleSort
Pseudocode
• We observe in algorithm that Bubble Sort compares each pair of array
element unless the whole array is completely sorted in an ascending order.
• This may cause a few complexity issues like what if the array needs no more
swapping as all the elements are already ascending.
• To ease-out the issue, we use one flag variable swapped which will help us
see if any swap has happened or not.
• If no swap has occurred, i.e. the array requires no more processing to be
sorted, it will come out of the loop.
Implementation
• One more issue we did not address in our original algorithm and its
improvised pseudocode, is that, after every iteration the highest
values settles down at the end of the array.
• Hence, the next iteration need not include already sorted elements.
• For this purpose, in our implementation, we restrict the inner loop to
avoid already sorted values.

Pseudocode
Implementation in C

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