SECTION II

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

 SECTION II
General
The needs for professional civil engineering services vary, and the
civil engineering firms that meet these needs vary in organizational
structure, size, and capability. Many civil engineering firms provide
comprehensive services to the client, while the other firms specialize in
areas of engineering, such as geotechnical or structural, and transportation,
water and construction management, and provide their services to a prime
engineer, architect, or owner. Few civil engineering firms are qualified to
provide complete service for all projects, and the use of associate
professionals to provide specialized service is common.
 SECTION II

Types of Infrastructure under the domain of civil engineering

• Streets, bridges, highways and railroads
• Airports and hangars
• Port works canals, river and shore improvements, light houses
and dry docks
• Buildings
• Fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection, drainage,
water supply and sewage works
• Tunnels
The coverage of civil engineering has not been changed nor diminished by subsequent laws.
 SECTION II

Services provided by Civil Engineers

• Consultations, research, investigation, and reports.
• Design services for construction projects
• Construction services
• Special services for construction projects
• Engineering support services
• Academic services
• Services as Employee
 SECTION II

Consultations, Research, Investigations, And

Reports
• These services deal primarily with collecting, interpreting, and
reporting information, together with formulating conclusions
and making recommendations
Typical services in this category are:
 Consultations, Research, Investigations,
SECTION AndIIReports

Preliminary and Feasibility Investigations and Reports

• These services usually precede the authorization of a capital project
and may involve extensive investigation, analyses of conditions, and
comparison of several possible plans
• These studies may include the impact of a project upon the:
Environment
Sustainable development
Operating costs
Life-cycle cost
Financing considerations
Expected revenues
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

Planning Studies
 May include the broad areas of developing the engineering requirements
of master plans
 Preparation of preliminary engineering of land development plans, urban
plans, and regional plans
 Investigation of environmental conditions and preparation of
environmental impact studies subsequent engineering planning to improve
or maintain existing conditions.
 Such planning often requires coordination of the work of many
engineering and other disciplines.
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

Appraisals, Valuations and Rate Studies

 May include investigations and analyses of existing condition,
capital and operating costs, overhead costs, costs of financing
and revenues.
Assistance in Financial Matters
 May include evaluation of capabilities of existing or proposed
facilities to meet present and projected future needs, statements
of probable costs, and an estimate of annual revenue
requirements.
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

Materials Engineering and Equipment Tests

 Include tests of materials and equipment under established codes
and standards, specialized examination of equipment and
materials used in construction and industry, and other
inspections and monitoring.
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

Direct Personal Services

• Includes services such as assistance in preparation for legal
proceedings.
• Appearances before court or commissions to render expert
opinions and conclusions, and investigation of technical matters
where specialized in civil engineering knowledge, experience,
and judgement is required
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

Research and Development

Research is a specialized investigation and gathering of data from existing
resources or through laboratory works and processes related to the purpose and
object of the research.
These may cover the following:
 Development of new construction materials and methods of concept to
commercialization.
 Improvement of construction materials and methods through
exhaustive studies to reduce total construction cost and at the same
time improve quality
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

Special Services
These services can vary to suit special needs of the client and can include such diverse
activities as:
 Value Engineering
 Appraisal and valuation
 Load testing
 Environmental evaluations
 Traffic engineering
 Forensic engineering for structural and other failures
 Operational assistance
 Material process design
 Pilot studies
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

 Computer modeling
 Safety engineering
 Topographic, sounding and boundary survey engineering
 Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation
 Permit and application services
 Sales and marketing services
 Expert witness
 Representation of municipal or private entities in projects proposed for
privatization.
SECTION II Consultations, Research, Investigations, And Reports

Design Services For Construction Projects

The six standard phases of a construction project and the
engineering services needed are:
 Study and Report Phase
 Preliminary Design Phase
 Final Design Phase
 Bidding or Negotiating Phase
 Construction Phase
 Operation Phase
 Design
SECTION II Services For Construction Projects

Study and Report Phase

This phase involves determination of project scope and economic and technical
evaluation of feasible alternatives. The services performed during this phase
may include the following:
• Reviewing available data and consult with the client to clarify and define
project requirements.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Advising the client about the need to provide or obtain additional data
or services, and assist the client in obtaining them. These additional
services may include photogrammetry, reconnaissance surveys,
property surveys, topographic surveys, geotechnical investigations and
consultations, compilation of hydrological data, traffic studies, materials
engineering, assembly of zoning, deed and other restrictive land use
information, and environmental assessments and impact statements.
• Identifying and analyze requirements of governmental authorities that
have jurisdiction to approve the design of the project, and participate in
consultations with such authorities.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Providing analyses of the client’s needs, planning surveys, and comparative

evaluations of prospective sites and solutions.
• Providing a general economic analysis of various alternatives that meet the
client’s requirements.
• Preparing a report that includes alternative solutions available to the client as
well as the consultant’s findings and recommendations. The report may
contain schematic layouts, sketches, conceptual design criteria with
appropriate exhibits indicating clearly the considerations involved (including
applicable requirements of governmental authorities having jurisdiction), and
the consultant’s conceptual opinion of probable costs for the project.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

Preliminary Design Phase

This phase establishes the general size and scope of the project and its
location on the selected site. Services may include the following:
• Consulting with the client, review preliminary reports, clarify and
define project requirements, review available data, and discuss
general scheduling. Conferences with approving and regulatory
governmental agencies and applicable utilities also may be required.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Advising the client about requirements for additional data or

services described in the study and report phase, and assists the
client in obtaining such data and services.
• Preparing preliminary design documents, including final design
criteria, preliminary drawings, outline specifications, and written
descriptions of the project.
• Preparing revised opinions of probable total project costs.
• Providing periodic status reports.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

Final Design Phase

This phase of project development is usually undertaken only after the
client has approved the preliminary design phase material. The basic services
for the final design phase may include the following:
• Preparing construction drawings and specifications showing the
character and extent of the project based on the accepted preliminary
design documents.
• Preparing and furnishing to the client a revised estimate of probable total
project costs based on the final drawings and specifications.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Furnishing the necessary engineering data and assist in the application for
regulatory permits from local, state, or federal authorities. These are
distinguished from and do not include detailed applications and supporting
documents for government grants-in-aid or planning grants that would be
furnished as additional services, described later in this section.
• Preparing basic documents related to construction contracts for review and
approval by the client and the client’s legal and other advisors. These may
include contract agreement forms, general conditions and supplementary
conditions, invitations to bid, instructions to bidders, insurance and bonding
requirements, and other contract-related documents.
• Furnishing the client a specified number of copies of drawings,
specifications, and other contract documents.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Providing final design and construction services for design build

contracts. The engineer generally serves as a subcontractor to a
general contractor during the initial planning and design phases.
Services provided by the engineer may extend through the
construction phase, as appropriate.
• Present the project to the public or to affected citizens and businesses.
• Provide periodic status reports.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

Bidding or Negotiating Phase

Services under this phase may include the following:
• Assisting the client in advertising and obtaining bids or
negotiating proposals for each separate prime construction
contract, maintain a record of prospective bidders to whom
bidding documents have been issued, attend pre-bid conferences,
and receive and process deposits for bidding documents.
• Issuing addenda as appropriate to interpret, clarify, expand, or
amend the bidding documents.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Assisting the client in determining the qualifications and acceptability

of prospective contractors, subcontractors, and materials suppliers.
• Consulting with and advising the client on the acceptability of
alternative materials and equipment proposed by the prospective
constructors when substitution prior to the award of contracts is
allowed by the bidding documents.
• Attending the bid opening, prepare bid tabulation sheets, and assist the
client in evaluating bids or proposals and in assembling and awarding
contracts for construction, materials, equipment, and services.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

Construction Phase
Services performed during this phase are those usually associated with
acting as the client’s representative. Construction services may include:
• Reviewing for compliance with design concepts, the shop and erection
drawings submitted by the constructors.
• Reviewing laboratory, shop, and mill test reports on materials and
equipment, or provide inspection at the manufacturing facilities during
the production of materials specific to the project.
• Visiting the project site at appropriate intervals as construction proceeds
to observe and report on the progress and the quality of the executed
work.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Providing services of a full-time resident project representative, and

support staff as required, during construction to ensure that it is
accomplished in conformance with the construction drawings,
specifications, and other contract documents.
• Issuing instructions from the client to the contractors, issue necessary
interpretations and clarifications of contract documents, prepare change
orders requiring special inspections and testing of the work, and make
recommendations as to acceptability of the work.
• Making recommendations to the client on corrective actions or
contractual measures that may be exercised by the owner.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

• Determining amounts of progress payments due, based on degree of

completion of the work, and recommend issuance of such payments by
the client.
• Observing and assisting performance tests and initial operation of the
project.
• Preparing record drawings from information submitted by the contractor
or resident engineer.
• Making a final inspection and report on completion of the project,
including recommendations concerning final payments to contractors and
release of retained percentages.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

Operation Phase
At the completion of construction, as a basic service the consultant
may assist with the startup of project operations. The consultant may be
commissioned to prepare a manual for both operation and maintenance
requirements, and may also provide assistance in adjusting and balancing
equipment, identifying deficiencies and assisting in obtaining corrections,
and performing inspection prior to the end of the project warranty period.
The consultant may assist in operator training, setting up job classifications
and salaries, organizing the purchase of supplies, developing charts for
recording operational data, and observing and reporting on project
operations.
SECTION II Design Services For Construction Projects

CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
 A registered Civil Engineer may engage in construction
contracting after being licensed as a contractor by the
Contractors Accreditation Board.
 A registered Civil Engineer may provide the services of a
supporting technical employee as required of a construction
company.
 SECTION II CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

• A Civil Engineer may be employed as a construction engineer, resident

Civil Engineer, project engineer, quality control engineer, cost engineer
or engineer inspector in a project. In accordance with Section 23 of RA
544, only registered Civil Engineers can take charge or supervise
construction or alternation of any building or structure and any other
civil engineering works mentioned in section 2 of the mentioned
Republic Act. The Civil Engineer when employed is similarly required
to comply with the code of ethics of profession as the consulting Civil
Engineer.
SECTION II CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS
Special services that may be provided by the Civil Engineer or
negotiated with other firms or sub-consultants by the Civil Engineer
acting on behalf of the client could include:
1. Geotechnical engineering – including test borings, sampling and
analysis, and recommendations.
 SPECIAL SECTION
SERVICESIIFOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2. Special studies, tests and process determinations to establish design

criteria or demonstrate compliance.
3.Land surveys, establishment od boundaries and monuments,
preparation of easement descriptions, and related computations and
drawings.
4.Engineering and topographic surveys for design and construction.
5.Mill, shop, or laboratory inspections of the materials and equipment.
SECTION II SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

6. Additional copies of reports, construction drawings, specifications, and other

documents as required for bidding and construction beyond the number
specified in the Basic Services agreement.
7. Extra travel and subsistence as defined by the agreement for engineering
services.
8. Value engineering – including review of the work of other engineers, either
within the same organization or in other firms to determine whether a proposed
solution is optimum and, if not, top suggest a better approach for meeting the
project’s functional and financial criteria.
SECTION II SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

9. Redesign to reflect changes requested by the client or necessitated by the

client’s acceptance of substitutions proposed by the contractor.
10. Assistance to the client as an expert witness in litigation in connection with
the project or in hearings before approving and regulatory agencies.
11. Final investigations involving detailed considerations of operations,
maintenance, and overheard expenses; preparation of final rate schedules, and
earning and expense statements; appraisals, valuation, and material audits or
inventories required for certification of force account construction performed
by the client or extra work done by the contractor.
SECTION II SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

12. Preparation od detailed applications and supporting documents grants or

advances for public works projects.
13. Plotting, computing, and filing of subdivision plans, staking of lots, and
other land planning and partitioning activities.
14. Preparation of environmental assessment and impact statements and other
assistance to the client in connection with public hearings.
15. Additional studies and design efforts to meet special conditions
encountered during construction.
SECTION II SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

16. Assistance to the client in the selection and engagement of architects,

other engineers, contractors and subcontractors, and observation and
approval of their services or work; contacts with governmental agencies
to obtain permits and documents; and other services related to project
development.
17. Assessment of completed project’s ability to meet its design intent
relative to capacity, maintainability, operability, or reliability.
18. Computer simulation and modeling.
SECTION II SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES

The engineering support services in general civil
engineering practice may involve, drafting, land and construction
surveying, and other data gathering activities for specialized
purposes.
 SECTION II

ACADEMIC SERVICES
Academic services may include:
a. Teaching of civil engineering courses in engineering
colleges/universities on part/full time basis. As per RA 8981, all
subjects for licensure examinations shall be taught by persons who are
holders of valid certificates of registration/professional licenses and
professional identification cards, or special temporary permits, or a
valid certificate of competency for the profession issued by the
Commission, and who comply with the other requirements of the
CHED.
 SECTION II ACADEMIC SERVICES

ACADEMIC SERVICES
b. Lecturing in civil engineering courses designed by the Philippine
Institute of Civil Engineers for practicing engineers who want obtain
CPD credits.
c. Conducting tutorials/refresher courses on civil engineering concepts
and related subjects
d. Serving as a Resource Speaker in Technical Session.
e. Writing technical articles and pamphlets
SECTION II ACADEMIC SERVICES

SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE
 This is a condition when a Civil Engineer engages to perform work or
fulfill duties regularly for wages or salary being paid by an employer.
 A Civil Engineer may be employed for any position in any commercial or
institutional organization. Where he is performing civil engineering
functions, he is required to follow the code of ethics for Civil Engineers
and comply with the standards and guidelines of this manual.
 A Civil Engineer in part time employment with a firm is considered to be
an employee and at the same time a consultant of the firm.
 SECTION II SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE

SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE
 The standards for an employee and an individual consultant as defined in
this manual apply to this Civil Engineer.
 Any Civil Engineer employed as an individual consultant of any firm,
whether the firm is performing engineering, commercial, administrative,
management or financial services is required to comply with the
requirements and the standards herein established for a consulting Civil
Engineering Firm or consulting Civil Engineer.
SECTION II SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE

 The standards for an employee and an individual consultant as defined in

this manual apply to this Civil Engineer.
 Any Civil Engineer employed as an individual consultant of any firm,
whether the firm is performing engineering, commercial, administrative,
management or financial services is required to comply with the
requirements and the standards herein established for a consulting Civil
Engineering Firm or consulting Civil Engineer.