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    Hydrology Chapter 1

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    ashe zinab
    This document discusses the analysis of meteorological and hydrological data needed for hydrological studies. It explains that precipitation data from rain gauges requires corrections and adjustments to account for measurement errors. It also discusses different methods for estimating regional precipitation and filling in missing data, as well as checking for inconsistencies over time. Finally, it mentions approaches for estimating areal precipitation across a region from point rainfall measurements.

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    Hydrology Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    ashe zinab
    146 views11 pages
    This document discusses the analysis of meteorological and hydrological data needed for hydrological studies. It explains that precipitation data from rain gauges requires corrections and adjustments to account for measurement errors. It also discusses different methods for estimating regional precipitation and filling in missing data, as well as checking for inconsistencies over time. Finally, it mentions approaches for estimating areal precipitation across a region from point rainfall measurements.

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    This document discusses the analysis of meteorological and hydrological data needed for hydrological studies. It explains that precipitation data from rain gauges requires corrections and adjustments to account for measurement errors. It also discusses different methods for estimating regional precipitation and filling in missing data, as well as checking for inconsistencies over time. Finally, it mentions approaches for estimating areal precipitation across a region from point rainfall measurements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    146 views11 pages

    Hydrology Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    ashe zinab
    This document discusses the analysis of meteorological and hydrological data needed for hydrological studies. It explains that precipitation data from rain gauges requires corrections and adjustments to account for measurement errors. It also discusses different methods for estimating regional precipitation and filling in missing data, as well as checking for inconsistencies over time. Finally, it mentions approaches for estimating areal precipitation across a region from point rainfall measurements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL

    DATA ANALYSIS
    Hydrological studies require extensive analysis of
    meteorological
    hydrological
    and spatial data
    to represent the actual processes taking
    place on the environment and better estimation
    of quantities out of it.
    • Precipitation is the source of all waters
    which enters the land.
    • Hydrologists need to understand how the
    amount, rate, duration, and quality of
    precipitation
    • distribution in space and time

    hydrologic responses of a catchments


    • Estimates of regional precipitation are
    critical inputs to water-balance and other
    types of models used in water-resource
    management.
    • The uncertainties associated with a value
    of regional precipitation consist of:
    • 1. Errors due to point measurement
    • 2. Errors due to uncertainty in converting
    point measurement data into estimates of
    regional precipitation
    1.2 Meteorological data
    • 1.2.1 Principles of Data Analysis
    → a) Corrections to Point Measurements
    • Rain gages that project above the ground
    surface causes wind eddies affecting the
    catch of the smaller raindrops and nowflakes.
    • The daily measured values need to be
    updated by applying a correction factor K
    after corrections for evaporation, wetting lose
    Correction factor for unshielded
    rain gauges:
    • Kru = 100 exp (-4.605 + 0.062 Va0.58)

    • Correction factor for Alter wind shielded rain


    gauges:

    • Kru = 100 exp (-4.605 + 0.041 Va0.69)

    • Errors due to splashing and evaporation usually


    are small and can beneglected.
    Systematic errors often associated with
    recording type rain gauges

    1– 5% of the total catch


    b) Estimation of Missing Data
    • Several approaches are used to estimate
    the missing values.
    Station Average,
    Normal Ratio,
    Inverse Distance Weighting,
    and Regression methods
    c) Checking the Consistency of
    Point Measurements
    • of the common causes for inconsistency of record
    are:
    1. Shifting of a rain gauge station to a new location
    2. The neighbor hood of the station may have
    undergoing a marked change
    3. Change in the immediate environment due to
    damages due to deforestation, obstruction, etc.
    4. Occurrence of observational error from a certain
    date both personal and instrumental
    • The most common method of checking for
    inconsistency of a record is the Double-Mass
    Curve analysis (DMC).
    • The adjustment is done by applying a
    correction factor K,
    1.3 Areal Estimation
    • Rain gauges represent only point
    measurements.
    • Several approaches have been devised for
    estimating areal precipitation from point
    measurements.
    1. The Arithmetic mean,
    2. Thiessen polygon
    3. And the Isohyetal method
    1.4 Hydrological Data

    • The availability of stream flow data is


    important for the model calibration process
    in catchment modelling.

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