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Persamaan Kuadratik: MTE1014 Ipg Kampus Darulaman Pn. HJH Saruvari Bt. Badru Duja Khan

The document provides an overview of solving quadratic equations. It discusses several methods for solving quadratics, including: 1. Factoring the quadratic expression and using the zero product property. 2. Using the quadratic formula, which gives the solutions as x = (-b ± √(b2 - 4ac))/2a for the standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0. 3. Completing the square, which involves rewriting the quadratic in perfect square form before taking the square root of both sides. Examples are provided for each method to demonstrate how to set up and solve various types of quadratic equations. Key aspects like identifying the coefficients a, b, and c are emphasized.

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Elavarasi Subramaniam
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221 views29 pages

Persamaan Kuadratik: MTE1014 Ipg Kampus Darulaman Pn. HJH Saruvari Bt. Badru Duja Khan

The document provides an overview of solving quadratic equations. It discusses several methods for solving quadratics, including: 1. Factoring the quadratic expression and using the zero product property. 2. Using the quadratic formula, which gives the solutions as x = (-b ± √(b2 - 4ac))/2a for the standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0. 3. Completing the square, which involves rewriting the quadratic in perfect square form before taking the square root of both sides. Examples are provided for each method to demonstrate how to set up and solve various types of quadratic equations. Key aspects like identifying the coefficients a, b, and c are emphasized.

Uploaded by

Elavarasi Subramaniam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERSAMAAN KUADRATIK

MTE1014
IPG KAMPUS DARULAMAN
PN. HJH SARUVARI BT. BADRU DUJA KHAN
Basics
A quadratic equation is written in the
Standard Form,
ax  bx  c  0
2

where a, b, and c are real numbers and a  0 .


Examples:
x  7 x  12  0
2
(standard form)
x  x  7  0
3 x  4 x  15
2
Basics
• We can solve a quadratic equation by
factoring and using The Principle of Zero
Products
If ab = 0,
then either a = 0,
b = 0,
or both a and b = 0.
Ex: Solve (4t + 1)(3t – 5) = 0
Notice the equation as given is of the form ab = 0
 set each factor equal to 0 and solve
4t + 1 = 0 Subtract 1
4t = – 1 Divide by 4
t=–¼
3t – 5 = 0 Add 5
3t = 5 Divide by 3
t = 5/3
Solution: t = - ¼ and 5/3  t = {- ¼, 5/3}
Ex: Solve x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
Quadratic equation  factor the left hand side (LHS)
x2 + 7x + 6 = (x + 6 )(x + 1 )
 x2 + 7x + 6 = (x + 6)(x + 1) = 0
Now the equation as given is of the form ab = 0
 set each factor equal to 0 and solve
x+6=0 x+1=0
x=–6 x=–1
Solution: x = - 6 and – 1  x = {-6, -1}
Ex: Solve x2 + 10x = – 25
Quadratic equation but not of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Add 25  x2 + 10x + 25 = 0
Quadratic equation  factor the left hand side (LHS)
x2 + 10x + 25 = (x + 5 )(x + 5 )
 x2 + 10x + 25 = (x + 5)(x + 5) = 0
Now the equation as given is of the form ab = 0
 set each factor equal to 0 and solve
x+5=0 x+5=0
x=–5 x=–5
Solution: x = - 5  x = {- 5}  repeated root
Ex: Solve 12y2 – 5y = 2
Quadratic equation but not of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Subtract 2  12y2 – 5y – 2 = 0
Quadratic equation  factor the left hand side (LHS)
ac method  a = 12 and c = – 2
ac = (12)(-2) = - 24  factors of – 24 that sum to - 5
1&-24, 2&-12, 3&-8, . . . 
 12y2 – 5y – 2 = 12y2 + 3y – 8y – 2
= 3y(4y + 1) – 2(4y + 1)
= (3y – 2)(4y + 1)
 12y2 – 5y – 2 = 0
 12y2 – 5y – 2 = (3y - 2)(4y + 1) = 0
Now the equation as given is of the form ab = 0
 set each factor equal to 0 and solve
3y – 2 = 0 4y + 1 = 0
3y = 2 4y = – 1
y = 2/3 y=–¼

Solution: y = 2/3 and – ¼  y = {2/3, - ¼ }


Ex: Solve 5x2 = 6x
Quadratic equation but not of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Subtract 6x  5x2 – 6x = 0
Quadratic equation  factor the left hand side (LHS)
5x2 – 6x = x( 5x – 6 )
 5x2 – 6x = x(5x – 6) = 0
Now the equation as given is of the form ab = 0
 set each factor equal to 0 and solve
5x – 6 = 0
x=0
5x = 6
x = 6/5
Solution: x = 0 and 6/5  x = {0, 6/5}
Solving by taking square roots
• An alternate method of solving a quadratic
equation is using the Principle of Taking
the Square Root of Each Side of an
Equation
If x2 = a, then x = + a
Ex: Solve by taking square roots 3x2 – 36 = 0
First, isolate x2: 3x2 – 36 = 0
3x2 = 36
x2 = 12
Now take the square root of both sides:
x  12
2

x   12
x   2 2 3
x2 3
Ex: Solve by taking square roots 4(z – 3)2 = 100
First, isolate the squared factor:
4(z – 3)2 = 100
(z – 3)2 = 25
Now take the square root of both sides:
(z  3)  25
2

z  3   25
z–3=+5
z=3+5
 z = 3 + 5 = 8 and z = 3 – 5 = – 2
Ex: Solve by taking square roots 5(x + 5)2 – 75 = 0
First, isolate the squared factor:
5(x + 5)2 = 75
(x + 5)2 = 15
Now take the square root of both sides:
( x  5 )  15
2

x  5   15
x  5  15
x  5  15 , x  5  15
Completing the Square
• Recall from factoring that a Perfect-Square
Trinomial is the square of a binomial:
Perfect square Trinomial Binomial Square
x2 + 8x + 16 (x + 4)2
x2 – 6x + 9 (x – 3)2
• The square of half of the coefficient of x
equals the constant term:
( ½ * 8 )2 = 16
[½ (-6)]2 = 9
Completing the Square
• Write the equation in the form x2 + bx = c
• Add to each side of the equation [½(b)]2
• Factor the perfect-square trinomial
x2 + bx + [½(b)] 2 = c + [½(b)]2
• Take the square root of both sides of the
equation
• Solve for x
Ex: Solve w2 + 6w + 4 = 0 by completing the square

First, rewrite the equation with the constant on one


side of the equals and a lead coefficient of 1.
w2 + 66w = – 4
Add [½(b)]2 to both sides: b = 6  [½(6)]2 = 32 = 9
w2 + 6w + 9 = – 4 + 9
w2 + 6w + 9 = 5
(w + 3)2 = 5
Now take the square root of both sides
( w  3)  5
2

w 3  5
w  3  5
w  {3  5,3  5}
Ex: Solve 2r2 = 3 – 5r by completing the square

First, rewrite the equation with the constant on one


side of the equals and a lead coefficient of 1.
2r2 + 5r = 3  r2 + (5/2)r
(5/2) = (3/2)
Add [½(b)]2 to both sides: b = 5/2 [½(5/2)]2 = (5/4)2
= 25/16
r2 + (5/2)r + 25/16 = (3/2) + 25/16
r2 + (5/2)r + 25/16 = 24/16 + 25/16
(r + 5/4)2 = 49/16
Now take the square root of both sides
(r  5 / 4)  49 / 16
2

r  5 / 4  (7 / 4)
r  (5 / 4)  (7 / 4)
r = - (5/4) + (7/4) = 2/4 = ½
and r = - (5/4) - (7/4) = -12/4 = - 3
r = { ½ , - 3}
Ex: Solve 3p – 5 = (p – 1)(p – 2)

Is this a quadratic equation? FOIL the RHS


3p – 5 = p2 – 2p – p + 2
3p – 5 = p2 – 3p + 2 Collect all terms
p2 – 6p + 7 = 0 A-ha . . .
Quadratic Equation  complete the square
p2 – 6p = – 7  [½(-6)]2 = (-3)2 = 9
p2 – 6p + 9 = – 7 + 9
(p – 3)2 = 2
(p  3)  2
2

p3  2
p  3 2
p  {3  2,3  2}
The Quadratic Formula
• Consider a quadratic equation of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0 for a nonzero
• Completing the square
ax  bx   c
2

b c
x  x
2

a a
b b c2
b 2

x  x
2
 
a 4a a 4a 2 2
The Quadratic Formula
b b 4ac
2
b 2

x  x
2
 
a 4a 4a 2
4a 2 2

 b  b  4ac
2
2

x  
 2a  4a 2

Solutions to ax2 + bx + c = 0 for a nonzero


are
 b  b  4ac
2

x
2a
Ex: Use the Quadratic Formula to solve1x2 + 7x
7 +6=0

Recall: For quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,


the solutions to a quadratic equation are given by
 b  b 2  4ac
x
2a
Identify a, b, and c in ax2 + bx + c = 0:

a=1 b= 7 c= 6
Now evaluate the quadratic formula at the identified
values of a, b, and c
 7  7 2  4(1)(6)
x
2(1)
 7  49  24
x
2
 7  25
x
2
75
x
2

x = ( - 7 + 5)/2 = - 1 and x = (-7 – 5)/2 = - 6


x = { - 1, - 6 }
Ex: Use the Quadratic Formula to solve
22m2 + 1m – 10 = 0
Recall: For quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
the solutions to a quadratic equation are given by
 b  b 2  4ac
m
2a
Identify a, b, and c in am2 + bm + c = 0:

a=2 b= 1 c = - 10
Now evaluate the quadratic formula at the identified
values of a, b, and c
 1  12  4(2)(10)
m
2(2)
 1  1  80
m
4
 1  81
m
4
1 9
m
4

m = ( - 1 + 9)/4 = 2 and m = (-1 – 9)/4 = - 5/2


m = { 2, - 5/2 }
Any questions . . .

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