Borang Hirarc
Borang Hirarc
Borang Hirarc
KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN
( UKKP )
H -uman
Found only in humans
Transmitted among humans
Preventable by humans
I -mmunodefiency
Body lacks ability to fight off infections
V -irus
Type of germ
Lives and reproduces in body cells
3/11/2019 Copyright - National HIV/STI Programme 5
HIV IS FOUND IN BODY FLUIDS
• Semen
• Breast milk
• Blood
• Vaginal fluid
3/11/2019 Copyright - National HIV/STI Programme 6
How HIV is passed on?
During unprotected (skin to skin) sex (anal, vaginal or oral)
80% Virus
Continues
to Damage
Liver
Adapted from Lauer and Walker, NEJM 2001
Natural History Con’t
Most symptoms begin to show only when liver is more severely damaged
Factors Affecting Progression
• 30yrs or longer if:
• Young at time of infection
• Healthy liver at time of infection
• Female
Incarceration (3%)
Transfusion/dialysis
blood contact (4%) HCV-infected household
member/sexual partner
Hospitalization Tattooing (7%)
dental work piercing
(6%) (6%)
Source: Health Canada Enhanced Surveillance, Oct 98-Oct 99, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa
Hepatitis C
Dispelling Myths
• Hepatitis C is not spread by:
– Casual contact
– Hugging/kissing
– Sharing eating utensils and drinking glasses
– Sneezing/coughing
– Shaking hands
– Sitting on a toilet seat
Prevention
• Never share drug equipment
– Straws, bills, needles, syringes, water, filter,
cooker, pipes etc…
• Never share tooth brushes/razors or any
personal hygiene articles that have blood on
them (even tiny amounts).
• Practice safer sex
Prevention
• Always make sure new & sterilized equipment
is being used for tattooing & piercing
– Make sure ink for tattooing is not being shared
• Do not touch dirty needles without proper
equipment or following proper procedures
Dirty Needle Precautions
1. Handle only if you have proper equipment
• Sturdy pair of gloves, tongs or pliers and a puncture proof container
(heavy plastic or metal)
2. Place needle in puncture proof container
• Do not touch needle with bare hands and do not try to recap needle
if cap present
3. Can dispose container in garbage but better if it is
taken to health clinic or needle exchange
4. At school, notify custodian, teacher, nurse or police
liaison officer
Needle Prick
1. Do not “milk” prick site
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VACCINE
• If two doses of HBIG are indicated, one dose
should be administered as soon as possible after
exposure and the second dose one month later.
• The option of administering one dose of HBIG
and reinitiating the vaccine series is preferred for
non-responders who did not complete a second
3-dose vaccine series.
• The treated HCW should be followed up and
retested for HBsAg at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6
months.
FLOW CHART
MANAGEMENT
FLOW CHART MANAGEMENT