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    2.3 Biomolecules

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    Jenny Teves Dayrit
    This document provides information about testing for different biomolecules in food substances through a series of lab experiments. It discusses the four main types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - including their monomers, structures, and functions. It also describes specific tests to identify each biomolecule, such as using biuret reagent to test for proteins, iodine to test for starch, and Benedict's solution or Sudan IV to test for carbohydrates and lipids. The purpose of the lab is to learn about biomolecules and how to identify them in different food sources.

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    2.3 Biomolecules

    Uploaded by

    Jenny Teves Dayrit
    18 views16 pages
    This document provides information about testing for different biomolecules in food substances through a series of lab experiments. It discusses the four main types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - including their monomers, structures, and functions. It also describes specific tests to identify each biomolecule, such as using biuret reagent to test for proteins, iodine to test for starch, and Benedict's solution or Sudan IV to test for carbohydrates and lipids. The purpose of the lab is to learn about biomolecules and how to identify them in different food sources.

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    This document provides information about testing for different biomolecules in food substances through a series of lab experiments. It discusses the four main types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - including their monomers, structures, and functions. It also describes specific tests to identify each biomolecule, such as using biuret reagent to test for proteins, iodine to test for starch, and Benedict's solution or Sudan IV to test for carbohydrates and lipids. The purpose of the lab is to learn about biomolecules and how to identify them in different food sources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    18 views16 pages

    2.3 Biomolecules

    Uploaded by

    Jenny Teves Dayrit
    This document provides information about testing for different biomolecules in food substances through a series of lab experiments. It discusses the four main types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - including their monomers, structures, and functions. It also describes specific tests to identify each biomolecule, such as using biuret reagent to test for proteins, iodine to test for starch, and Benedict's solution or Sudan IV to test for carbohydrates and lipids. The purpose of the lab is to learn about biomolecules and how to identify them in different food sources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Biology 10/15

    Homework: finish lab guide and


    2.4 wkst
    Turn in graphi
    Section 2.3 Biomolecules

    What are the four types of


    biomolecules?
    Today you will:
    • Learn about each type of biomolecule
    • Learn how to test for the presence of each
    biomolecule in different food substances.
    Questions to discuss
    • In this lab you will put different food
    sources in a test tube to test for the
    presence of various macromolecules. Why
    will one of your test tubes be filled with
    distilled water?
    • What is the dependent variable? What is
    the independent variable?
    Biomolecules
    • Molecules are either inorganic compounds
    or organic compounds
    – Organic-has carbon
    – Inorganic-no carbon
    • Why is carbon so special?
    – It can form 4 bonds with other atoms. It loves
    to COVALENTLY BOND!
    – It can form single, double, and triple bonds.
    Biomolecules
    • There are 4 types of
    biomolecules in our bodies
    – Carbohydrates
    – Lipids (fats)
    – Proteins
    – Nucleic acid (DNA)
    • These are large molecules
    (polymer) that are made up of
    smaller building blocks
    (monomers)
    • Polymers are made of
    monomers.
    • http://www.phschool.com/scie
    nce/biology_place/biocoach/bi
    oprop/monomers.html
    Proteins
    • Elements: C, H, O, N, or S (sulfur)
    • Structure: look for N or S
    • What do they do
    – Hemoglobin in your blood that carries oxygen
    – Muscles, tendons, hair
    – Defend body from microorganisms
    – Control chemical reactions-enzymes
    – Carry out almost all of the body’s everyday functions
    • Building block-amino acids
    Proteins
    • A protein’s shape is
    very important
    • You change the shape
    of a protein, you
    change the function or
    lose the function
    Testing for proteins
    • You will use a biuret
    reagent
    • It will turn a blue
    violet color in the
    presence of a protein.
    • You will add each
    substance to a test
    tube and then add a
    few drops of biuret
    reagent.
    Carbohydrates
    • Elements-C, H, O
    • Function: Main source of
    energy, gives plants tough
    structure
    • Examples: sugars and
    starches, glycogen,
    sucrose, glucose,
    cellulose
    • Shape-rings connected
    • Building Block-
    monosaccharide or simple
    sugars (glucose)
    Different types of carbohydrates
    • Based on size
    – Monosaccharide-one sugar
    • Glucose, galactose (found
    in milk), fructose (found
    in fruit)
    – Disaccharide-two sugars
    • lactose
    – Polysaccharide-many
    sugars
    • Cellulose-makes plants
    have a rigid structure
    • Glycogen-animal starch
    Two carbohydrate tests-starch
    and simple sugars
    • Starch
    – Iodine will turn black or
    purple in the presence of
    starch
    • Benedict’s solution
    – Add substances to tube
    with benedict’s solution
    – Heat for 3 to 5 minutes to
    look for color change
    – The redder the more simple
    sugar (glucose) present
    – Will form a percipitate
    Lipids (Fats)
    • Not a polymer
    – Why?
    • Elements-C, H, O
    • Has the most energy but
    we can’t consume tons of
    fat; part of membranes;
    insulation
    • Structure-long chain of
    carbons attached
    • Examples: cholesterol,
    wax, steroids, oils
    • Building Block-fatty
    acids and glycerol
    Saturated vs. Unsaturated
    • Saturated-bad for you;
    causes cholesterol
    problems, clogged
    arteries; solid at room
    temperature; lard
    • Unsaturated-liquid at
    room temperature; not as
    bad for you; olive oil,
    canola oil, peanut oil
    • Trans fat-type of
    unsaturated; causes
    coronary heart disease
    2 ways to test for lipids
    • Brown paper bag
    – Substance will
    leave an oil spot if
    present
    • Sudan 4 test
    – Substance will turn
    red
    Nucleic Acids
    • Tell your cells how to
    function
    • Contains the genetic
    information
    • DNA (deoxyribose
    sugar) and RNA
    (ribose sugar)
    • Building blocks:
    nucleotides
    • Elements: C, H, O,
    N, P

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