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File Transfer Protocol: CS-328 Dick Steflik

FTP uses TCP ports 20 and 21 for data transfers and control connections respectively. It employs a command-response protocol where the client sends commands to the server's control port and the server responds. FTP supports both active and passive modes for establishing the data connection. It also defines file structures, data types, and transmission modes for transferring files across heterogeneous systems.

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Kartik Chaturvedi
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47 views14 pages

File Transfer Protocol: CS-328 Dick Steflik

FTP uses TCP ports 20 and 21 for data transfers and control connections respectively. It employs a command-response protocol where the client sends commands to the server's control port and the server responds. FTP supports both active and passive modes for establishing the data connection. It also defines file structures, data types, and transmission modes for transferring files across heterogeneous systems.

Uploaded by

Kartik Chaturvedi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File Transfer Protocol

CS-328
Dick Steflik
FTP
• RFC 959
• uses two TCP Ports
– one for control
– one for data transfers
• command-response protocol
• control port uses telnet protocol to negotiate
session
– US-ASCII
– <crlf> is end-of-line character
Active Mode FTP
• Client connect from a random unprivileged port (n > 1023) to the servers
command port (21) and sends port command to tell server to connect to n+1
then listens on the next higher unprivileged port (n+1) for server responses.
The server connects from it’s data port (20) to the client data port (n+1)

Server Client

20 21 1026 1027

4
Passive Mode FTP
• Client opens two random unprivileged ports ( n > 1023 and n+1; ex 1026 and
1027) and connects the first port (n) to server command port 21 and issues a
pasv command (server sends port to use for data); client connects to servers
specified data port, server completes connection.

Server Client

20 2024 21 1026 1027

4
Transfer Files in a Heterogeneous Host Environment

• Due to multiple hardware types and operating systems file


are converted to four environmentally neutral data type for
transport and the converted to local types at the destination
– ASCII A NVT-ASCII
– EBCDIC E EBCDIC Text
– IMAGE I Raw binary, series of octets
– LOCAL L Raw binary using a variable byte size
• Client responsibility to tell server data type to use
• Default data type, unless otherwise specified is ASCII
File Structures

• Operating System store files in different structures


• FTP defined file structures for transporting files
– File F Unstructured, sequence of bytes
– Record R Series of records
– Page P Series of data blocks (pages)
• Default file structure is File (F)
• File Structure specified using STRU command
Transmission Modes

• Mode is used to specify additional coding or sequencing


performed on data
• independent of data type and file structure
– Stream S stream of bytes, if record structure
EOF sent as record indication; if file
eof indicated by closing stream
– Block B file sent as sequence of blocks
preceded by header info allows restart
of an interruped transfer
– Compressed C data compressed using run length
encoding
FTP Commands
• USER R User name, userid for access control
• PASS O Password for access control
• ACCT O Account info
• CWD O Change working directory
• CDUP O Change to parent directory
• SMNT O Structure mount, mount a different file system
• QUIT R informs server that client wants out
• REIN O restarts session at authentication phase
• PORT R Host addr and data port to use
FTP Commands (more)
• PASV O Passive; informs server that client will contact
to set up data connections, ask server to sent port info
• TYPE R Data type, type of subsequent transfers
• STRU R File structure
• MODE R Transfer mode
• RETR R Retrieve, download the file from server
• STOR R Store, upload the specified to server
• STOU O Store unique, same as store but server picks
unique file name
FTP Commands (more)
• APPE O Append, upload file to server, if file name
exists, append the upload
• ALLO O Allocate, sometimes used to preallocate space
• REST O Restart, restart an interrupted transfer
• RNFR O Rename file from filename
• RNTO O Rename file to
• ABOR O Abort, ask server to abort last command
• DELE O Delete specified file
• RMD O Remove directory
• MKD O Make directory
FTP Commands (more)
• PWD O Print working directory
• LIST O Request directory listing
• NLST O Request just a file name list
• SITE O Site parameters, allow client to specify site
specific options and parameters
• SYST O request server operating system
• STAT O Request server to send status of current xfr
• HELP O general and command specific
• NOOP R ask server to send a positive reply
FTP Responses
• Each command generates a server response
– 3 digit code, text, <crlf>
• use 3 digit code as driver for GUI Clients or programatic
implementations
• use text for Command line clients
Responses
• 1yz - Positive preliminary reply - command is being acted upon;
expect a final reply code before sending another command
• 2yz - Positive completion reply - command was successfully
executed; new command may be sent
• 3yz - Positive intermediate reply - command was accepted, but the
final result is being delayed because other information needs to be
supplied from the client; reply is used for sequencing command groups
• 4yz - Transient negative completion reply - command failed, but the
condition is temporary
• 5yz - Permanent negative completion reply - command failed and will
always fail if given again; the command should not be attempted again
Response
• x0z - Refers to command syntax
• x1z - Indicates information returned by commands
requesting information such as status or help
• x2z - Refers to the state of the control or data connections
• x3z - The reply is associated with the login process and
accounting procedures
• x4z - Reserved for future use
• x5z - Refers to the state of the requested file transfer or
other file system command

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