Multimedia and Web

Engineering

Demonstrate interactive multimedia

presentations
 What is Multimedia?

 Multimedia – media that uses multiple

form of information content and
information processing.
Using more than one medium of
expression or communication.
 What is Multimedia?

 Multimedia also refers to the use of

electronic media to store and experience
multimedia content.
 Examples of Multimedia Application :
 CD-Interactive
 Multimedia Kiosks
 World Wide Web
 MMS
 The use of Multimedia
Technology

Computer-Based Training TeachingAid

The use of Multimedia
Technology

References Entertainment
The use of Multimedia
Technology

Simulation Virtual Reality

The use of Multimedia
Technology

Virtual Surgery Information Kiosk

 Advantages of Multimedia

1. Is easy to use.
2. Enhancement of Text Only Messages
3. Improves over Traditional Audio-Video Presentations
4. Gains and Holds Attention
5. Good for “computer-phobics”
6. Multimedia is Entertaining as Well as Educational
7. Cost-effective
8. Trendy
 Disadvantages of
Multimedia

1. Expensive
2. Not always easy to configure
3. Requires special hardware
4. Not always compatible
 QUIZ!!!

1. Define MULTIMEDIA.
2. List four examples of Multimedia application.
3. Give four advantages and disadvantages of
Multimedia.
Multimedia Basic
Elements
Guidelines for using copyrighted
multimedia elements include:
 Text  Numerical data sets
 Motion media  Copying and
 Illustrations distribution
 Music  Alteration
 Internet limitations
 Citations
 Multimedia Elements
 Text  Hyperlinks
 Graphics  Virtual Reality
 Animation  Themes
 Audio
 Video
 Menus
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

 TEXT
 characters that are used to create words,
sentences, and paragraphs.

Multimedia is a rich medium that •Monitor

accommodates numerous instructional
strategies. Multimedia addresses many of the
•Keyboard
Titles challenges of instruction in both the academic
and corporate environments. It is accessible
over distance and time and provides a vehicle
for consistent delivery. Multimedia can provide •Mouse
the best medium with which to communicate a
concept.
•Speaker
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

 TEXT

 Text elements can be categories into:

 Alphabets characters: A – Z

 Number: 0 – 9

 Special characters: . , ; : „ “

 Symbols: @ # $ & *
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

 The use of Text

 Heading / Title
 Bullet / list
 Paragraph
 Scrolling text
 Navigation
 Text as graphics
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Texts features should be:
 Appropriate for audience.

 Readable, which serif is preferred due to the

lines at the top and bottom of text and guide
the eyes across the page.
 Consistent.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 Graphics are an important part of
the communication process that
provide highlights, expressions,
demonstrations, and backgrounds

 The two types of graphic used in

multimedia are draw-type and
bitmap.
 Draw-types are made up of arcs and
lines.
 Bitmap is made of dots.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
The multimedia designer must do the following to
graphics:
 Balance the size and quality.
 Use the appropriate graphics according to intended
purposes. File formats determine how graphics will be
displayed.
 Most popular:
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), BMP (Bitmap), PCX (Windows
Paint) and PICT (Macintosh)
 Standard for the internet:
JPEG (Joint Photographer Experts Group), GIF (Graphics
Interchange file format) and PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 Graphics programs allow designers to draw,
paint, or edit images.

 A combination of the graphic programs may

have to be used in creating multimedia titles.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 2-D Animations are useful in multimedia in
the areas of entertainment, education, and
training especially.

 2-D Animations provide simulation and

dramatizations that may not be possible by
videotape.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 3-D animations are more complex.
 Creating 3-D animations include modeling,
animation, and rendering.
 Modeling is creating broad contours and structure
of 3-D objects and scenes.
 Animation is determining the objects motions.
 Rendering involves determining colors, surface
textures, and amounts of transparency of objects.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Graphics Categories

 There are two categories of graphics :

 Vector

 Bitmap
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Vector Graphics

Images created with software that uses geometrical

formulas to represent images.
 Composed of individual elements, eg, arc, line,
polygon, with their own attributes that can be individually
edited.
 Can be created using any drawing software,
eg:
Illustrator.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Vector Graphics
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Vector Graphics - Advantages

 The ability to resize and rotate a graphic without

distortions a major advantage of vector graphics.
 Another advantage is their smaller file size.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Vector Graphics - Disadvantages

One of the drawbacks of vector graphics is that the

more complex they are, the larger the file size and the
longer they take to appear on the screen.
Another disadvantage is that they cannot display
photorealistic quality.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Bitmap Graphics

 Bitmap graphics are also called raster graphics.

 A bitmap represents the image as an array of dots,
called pixels.
 Bitmap graphics are resolution-dependent and
generate large file sizes.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Bitmap Graphics
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Bitmap Graphics - Advantages

 The bitmap can be more photorealistic.

 We can set the colour of every individual pixel in the
image
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia

Bitmap Graphics - Disadvantages

Bitmaps are memory intensive, and the higher the

resolution, the larger the file size.
 When an image is enlarged, the individual coloured
squares become visible and the illusion of a smooth image
is lost to the viewer.
 QUIZ!!!

1. List all Multimedia elements.

2. What are the common use of TEXT in Multimedia
application?
3. Explain the difference between VECTOR and
BITMAP graphics.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 Sounds in multimedia titles could include:
 Music.
 Narrations.
 Sound effects.
 Original recordings.
 Sound waves are vibrations that are created
when we speak. The patterns of sound
waves are called analog wave patterns that
have two attributes: volume and frequency.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 The sound waves are
converted from analog to
digital form. This conversion is
called sampling

 Sampling is the recording of

sound every fraction of a
second.

 Volume is the peak of  Sampling is impacted by

sound waves and the sample rate and size. The rate
distance between the is the number of times the
peaks is the frequency. sample is taken and rate is the
information stored about the
sample.
Audio File Formats
 AU
 CDA
 MP3
 MIDI
 WAV
 WMA
Audio File Size
 Sampling rate

 Sample size

 Channels recorded
Sampling
 Also called a sample rate. Typically
expressed in samples per second, or hertz
(Hz), the rate at which samples of an analog
signal are taken in order to be converted into
digital form.
 A means of reproducing a continuous event,
such as sound or motion, by recording many
fragments of it.
Sample Size
 The number of bits used to store a sample.
 Also called resolution.
 In general, the more bits allocated per
sample, the better the reproduction of the
original analog information.
 Audio sample size determines the dynamic
range. DVD PCM audio uses sample sizes of
16, 20, or 24 bits.
Sample Rate
 The frequency at which an analog audio
stream is "sampled" or converted into digital.
 The higher the sampling rate, the closer the
digital file will be to the original analog source
and the better the quality.
 A sample rate of 44,100 khz is considered
CD-quality.
 The number of digital samples recorded per
second.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 Videos provide actual  Videos like sounds are
events for viewing recorded and played as
instead reading about analog signals, which
or listening to them. must be digitized to be
used in multimedia
titles.
 Sources for videos
include web sites and
stock film companies.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 Videos can be used in CD-
ROMS, games, in
presentations, in video
simulations, or during
videoconferences or on
websites.

 Have variance in quality

and user.

 Are free or available for a

fee.
The Video Format

The file format of the video determines:

 Which programs can open and play it.
 How much space it occupies on a disk.
 How fast it travels over an Internet connection.
Video File Formats
 AVI (audio video interleave)

 MOV (movie), also known as

QuickTime
 MPEG compresses audio and video

 RM (RealMedia)

 WMV (Windows media video)

Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Stock clips of animation, sound, and video are:

 Accessible on CD’s, slideshow application or web

sites.

 Made available by vendors or individuals.

 Available in several formats such as MPEG1,

Quicktime or Streaming Quicktime.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
 Virtual Reality is an environment that
surrounds users so that they become part of
the experience.

 Theme refers to the concept or idea of the title.

 Quiz!!!

1. Explain the difference between Animation and Video.

2. List are the use of Animation in Multimedia?
3. Give two advantages of Digital Video.
4. List are the use of Sound in Multimedia?
 Categorization

Two types of Multimedia presentation :

Linear Non-linear
Presentation Interactive
 Categorization

Linear active content progresses

without any navigation control for the
viewer such as a cinema
presentation.
 Categorization

Non-linear content offers user

interactivity to control progress as
used with a computer game or
used in self-paced computer
based training.
 Hypermedia

Information is linked and cross-referenced

in many different ways and is widely
available to end users.

Hypertext means a database in which

information (text) has been organised
nonlinearly. The database consists of
nodes and links between nodes
 World Wide Web

 World Wide Web (WWW) is a global

hypermedia system on Internet.
 It can be described as wide-area
hypermedia information retrieval initiative
aiming to give universal access to a large
universe of documents.
Basic Parts of Multimedia
Presentations (Continued)
Hyperlinks are “hot spots” or “jumps” that locate
another file or page. They are represented by a
graphic or colored and underlined text.

Hyperlink
to video
Some of the many hyperlinks clip
Basic Parts of a Multimedia
Presentations (Continued)
Hyperlinks allow the end user to navigate between
slides, additional elements (i.e. Word and Excel
documents), audio, video clips, and other
interactive parts of the presentation.

Hyperlinks also allow the user to launch the

Internet browser and open a selected site in
cyberspace.
 World Wide Web

 To use WWW the user needs a browser

(eg. Internet Explorer, Firefox) that are
used to display complex graphics,
animation and sound.
 Designing Hypermedia

 Important questions in designing the

hypermedia are:
Converting linear text to hypertext

Text format conversions

Dividing the text into nodes

Link structures, automatic generation of links

Are nodes in a database or are they separate

files on file system
Client-server of standalone
 Quiz!!!

1. Explain the difference between LINEAR

and NON-LINEAR presentation.
2. What does WWW stands for?
3. Explain the difference between
INTERNAL and EXTERNAL link.
4. What are the important questions in
designing the hypermedia?
Basic Parts of Multimedia
Presentations
Basic Parts of Multimedia
Presentations

 Menus are a list of options available for

users.

 Commands link to other parts of the

presentation.
Without the links between pages, the user cannot
navigate the presentation.
 Basic Parts of a Multimedia
Presentations (Continued)

A slide Transition is the visual effect of a slide as it

moves on and off the screen during a slide
show.

Each slide can only have one transition.

Transition features include:

Speed Direction
Sound Timing
Basic Parts of a Multimedia
Presentations (Continued)
Build effect is applied to text to make it appear
on a slide in increments of one letter, word, or
section at a time in order to keep viewers’
attention.

Additional build effects can be used with audio

clips, video clips, graphics, and other parts of
the presentation.
Review
Guidelines for using copyrighted multimedia elements
include:

 Text
 Motion media
 Illustrations
 Music
 Internet
 Numerical data sets
 Copying and distribution
 Alteration limitations
 Citations
Review (Continued)
Multimedia Elements:
 Text

 Graphics

 Animation

 Audio

 Video

 Virtual Reality

 Themes
Review (Continued)
Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations
 Menus

 Commands

 Hyperlinks

 Transition