Scribd
Upload
500 views27 pages

12 Time, Speed and Distance

This document provides instruction on calculating time, speed, and distance for navigation. It discusses key concepts like the knot as a unit of speed, and methods for performing calculations including mental calculation, the 6-minute rule, logarithmic scales, nomograms, and mathematical formulas. It also covers calculating estimated time of arrival (ETA) and important concepts like time zones and how to determine the time zone of a given location based on its longitude.

Uploaded by

Daniel England
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
500 views27 pages

12 Time, Speed and Distance

This document provides instruction on calculating time, speed, and distance for navigation. It discusses key concepts like the knot as a unit of speed, and methods for performing calculations including mental calculation, the 6-minute rule, logarithmic scales, nomograms, and mathematical formulas. It also covers calculating estimated time of arrival (ETA) and important concepts like time zones and how to determine the time zone of a given location based on its longitude.

Uploaded by

Daniel England
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Navigation

NAU 102
Lesson 12
Time, Speed, Distance

Calculation of Time, Speed and Distance

A daily task for a navigator.

When will I get there?

How fast should I go?

Calculation requires accuracy and speed.


Speed

Unit is the Knot (kt. or kn. or knt.)


From the knotted speed log.
Speed

Unit is the Knot (kt. or kn. or knt.)

1 knot = 1 nm/hour

Speed = Distance/Time
Calculation

Several Methods

Mental Calculation
“6 Minute Rule”

Logarithmic Scale
Nomogram

Mathematical Formula
Mental Calculation

Solve using simple ratios of time units.

e.g. ½, ⅓, ¼
Your speed is 20 kts. How far will you travel in
30 minutes?
10 nm
You travel 6 nm in 20 minutes. What is your
speed?
18 kts
“6 Minute Rule”

6 minutes is 1/10th of an hour.

Every 6 minutes, you travel a distance


equal to 1/10th of your speed.

Move the decimal point 1 place to the left


or right.
“6 Minute Rule”

E.g. If your speed is 15 kts., how far


will you travel in 6 minutes?

15.0

1.50 nm
“6 Minute Rule”

E.g. What is your speed if you travel


2.7 nm in travel in 6 minutes?

2.7

27 kts.
“6 Minute Rule”

You can use multiples of 6 minutes as


well.
6 minutes = 0.1 hour
12 minutes = 0.2 hour
18 minutes = 0.3 hour
Etc.
“6 Minute Rule”

E.g. If your speed is 15 kts., how far


will you travel in 18 minutes?

15.0

1.50 nm x 3 = 4.5 nm
Logarithmic Scale

On some charts and radar plotting sheets.


Nomogram

On some charts and maneuvering


boards.
Nomogram
E.g. How far will you travel in 16 minutes at 13 kts?
Nomogram
E.g. How long will it take to travel in 2.5 nm at 16
kts?
Math Formula

Distance = Speed x Time

D=SxT
S = D/T
T = D/S
ETA

Estimated Time of Arrival


What time will I get there?

For short voyages:


Transit Time = Distance/Speed

Transit Time + Departure Time =


ETA
ETA

Example
You depart Point A at 0800 and steam for
60 nm to Point B at 13 knots. What is
your ETA at Point B?
Transit Time = 60 nm/13 kts = 4.6154 hrs

= 4 hrs + 0.6154 hrs * 60 min/hr


= 4 hrs 37 min + 0800 = 1237
ETA

For longer voyages, we need


to know about Time Zones.
Time Zones

Earth is divided into 24 time zones.

Everyone in the zone keeps the same


time.

Time differs by an hour from neighboring


zones.
Time Zones

Each time zone is 15° of longitude wide.


360° / 24 = 15°
Zones are numbered (“zone descriptions”)

0 through -12 in east longitude

0 through +12 in west longitude


Time Zones
Time Zones
Zone Boundaries

First, calculate the central meridian of a zone

15° x zone description


E.g. ZD +4

4 x 15° = 60° W
Zones extends 7.5° east & west of the center.
Time Zones
Time Zones

To find the zone of a particular location:

•Convert longitude to degrees & tenths


•Divide by 15
•Round to the nearest whole number
Time Zones
E.g. What is the ZD of 141° 30’ E
141° 30’ = 141.5°
141.5°/15 = 9.43
ZD = -9 (- E/+W)
E.g. What is the ZD of 142° 40’ E?
142° 40’ = 142.66°
142.66°/15 = 9.51 ZD = -10
Introduction to Navigation

Questions?

You might also like