SubAtomic Particles
SubAtomic Particles
SubAtomic Particles
an Atom
Second
The Building Blocks of Matter:
Atoms
- -
++ +
- + + + -
+ +
-
- -
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up
space (volume)
Examples:
A brick has mass and takes up space
A desk has mass and takes up space
A pencil has mass and takes up space
Air has mass and takes up space
+ =1
- How many
=0 more
electrons
can fit in
- =1
+ the 1st
orbital/
level?
+ =8
- - How many
=8 more
- electrons
can fit in
- =8
++ + the 2nd
+ + + orbital/
- - level?
+ +
-
- -
Sodium (Na) Atom
Notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level,
eight in the second, and one in the third
+ = 11 -
- - How many
= 12 more
- electrons
can fit in
- = 11
++ + the 3rd
- + + + - - orbital/
level?
+ +
-
- -
-
The Atom’s “Center”
-
-
+
+ +
-
QUARKS
• Particles that make up protons and neutrons
- -
- -
- - -
- - - - -
- - - - - - -
- -
- - -
- - - - -
- - - - - - -
+
1839 electrons = 1 neutron 1836 electrons = 1 proton
+
How do you think the mass of a neutron
compares to that of a proton?
1 neutron ≈ 1 proton
Sub-atomic Particles
Size Comparison
(protons, neutrons, electrons, & quarks)
Size in Size in - -
atoms meters
(m) -
Atom 1 10-10
++ +
Nucleus __1__ 10-14 + + +
10,000 - -
Proton or ___1___ 10-15 + +
100,000
Neutron
- -
Atomic Number
-
What would be the
atomic number of
this atom?
+ -
- ++
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus
Expressed in Atomic Mass Units (amu)
Each proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu
+ 3
4
+ -
3 protons + 4 neutrons =
a mass number of 7 amu ++
Why did we not account for the -
electrons when calculating the
mass number?
Subatomic Particles
ATOM
ATOM
NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS ELECTRONS
ELECTRONS
PROTONS
PROTONS NEUTRONS
NEUTRONS Negative CHARGE
NEGATIVE Charge
Positive
POSITIVE Neutral
NEUTRAL
Charge
CHARGE Charge
CHARGE
QUARKS equal in a
Atomic
MostNumber
of the atom’s mass.
neutral atom
equals the # of...
Building Atoms
Using the whiteboard and the proton, neutron,
and electron pieces, build the following atoms,
and determine their atomic and mass numbers.
Gravitational Force
Electromagnetic Force
Strong Force
Weak Force
Gravitational Force
The force of
attraction of
objects due to
their masses
The amount of
gravity between
objects depends on
their masses and
the distance
between them
-
+ + +
-
Hydrogen (Protium) Hydrogen (Deuterium) Hydrogen (Tritium)
Atomic Mass
The weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes
of an element
The average considers the percent abundance of each isotope in nature
Found on the periodic table of elements
Example
What would be the atomic mass (≈) of Hydrogen if these three isotopes
were found in the following percentages (99.9, 0.015, 0) respectively?
+ +
+ -
-
Hydrogen (Protium) Hydrogen (Deuterium) Hydrogen (Tritium)
Mass # = 1 amu Mass # = 2 amu Mass # = 3 amu
If you simply average the three, 2 amu (1 amu + 2 amu + 3 amu/3) would be the atomic mass,
but since 99.9% of the Hydrogen is Protium, the atomic mass is around 1 amu (.999 x 1 amu)