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    MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations: Important Notes

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    Christelle Domingo
    This document provides an overview and introduction to mechanical vibrations for the course MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations. It notes that the course material was compiled from key textbooks and references. It then provides a high-level week 1 introduction that defines vibration, discusses useful and harmful vibration, vibration parameters like spring-mass-damper models, and free and forced vibration including the concept of resonance. It also briefly discusses modeling approaches and key vibration concepts like degrees of freedom, elastic elements, moment of inertia, and damping.

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    MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations: Important Notes

    Uploaded by

    Christelle Domingo
    35 views20 pages
    This document provides an overview and introduction to mechanical vibrations for the course MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations. It notes that the course material was compiled from key textbooks and references. It then provides a high-level week 1 introduction that defines vibration, discusses useful and harmful vibration, vibration parameters like spring-mass-damper models, and free and forced vibration including the concept of resonance. It also briefly discusses modeling approaches and key vibration concepts like degrees of freedom, elastic elements, moment of inertia, and damping.

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    This document provides an overview and introduction to mechanical vibrations for the course MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations. It notes that the course material was compiled from key textbooks and references. It then provides a high-level week 1 introduction that defines vibration, discusses useful and harmful vibration, vibration parameters like spring-mass-damper models, and free and forced vibration including the concept of resonance. It also briefly discusses modeling approaches and key vibration concepts like degrees of freedom, elastic elements, moment of inertia, and damping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    35 views20 pages

    MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations: Important Notes

    Uploaded by

    Christelle Domingo
    This document provides an overview and introduction to mechanical vibrations for the course MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations. It notes that the course material was compiled from key textbooks and references. It then provides a high-level week 1 introduction that defines vibration, discusses useful and harmful vibration, vibration parameters like spring-mass-damper models, and free and forced vibration including the concept of resonance. It also briefly discusses modeling approaches and key vibration concepts like degrees of freedom, elastic elements, moment of inertia, and damping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations

    Important Notes:
    The course notes were compiled
    mostly from
    1) The book by Graham Kelly,
    “Mechanical Vibrations,
    Theory and Applications”,
    2012.
    2) Bruel Kjaer Technical notes,
    3) Dan Russel’s webpage:
    http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell

    Therefore, they are gratefully


    acknowledged.

    Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Seçgin


    WEEK-1:
    Introduction to Mechanical Vibrations
    Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Seçgin
    What is vibration?
     Vibrations are oscillations of a system about
    an equilbrium position.
    Vibration…

    It is also an
    everyday
    phenomenon we
    meet on
    everyday life
    Vibration …
    Useful Vibration Harmful vibration
    Compressor
    Noise
    Testing

    Destruction

    Wear
    Ultrasonic
    cleaning

    Fatigue
    Vibration parameters
    All mechanical systems
    can be modeled by
    containing three basic
    components:
    spring, damper, mass

    When these components are subjected to constant force,


    they react with a constant
    displacement, velocity and acceleration
    Free vibration
     When a system is initially disturbed by a displacement,
    velocity or acceleration, the system begins to vibrate with
    a constant amplitude and frequency depend on its
    stiffness and mass.
     This frequency is called as natural frequency, and the
    form of the vibration is called as mode shapes

    Equilibrium pos.
    Forced Vibration
    If an external force applied to a
    system, the system will follow the
    force with the same frequency.
    However, when the force
    frequency is increased to the
    ’ system’s natural frequency,
    amplitudes will dangerously
    increase in this region. This
    phenomenon called as
    “Resonance”
    Watch these …

    Bridge collapse:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw
    Hellicopter resonance:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FeXjhUEXlc
    Resonance vibration test:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV_UuzEznHs
    Flutter (Aeordynamically induced vibration) :
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhwLojNerMU
    Modelling of vibrating systems
    Lumped (Rigid) Modelling Numerical Modelling

    Element-based
    methods
    (FEM, BEM)

    Statistical and Energy-


    based methods
    (SEA, EFA, etc.)
    Degree of Freedom (DOF)
    • Mathematical modeling of a physical system requires the
    selection of a set of variables that describes the behavior
    of the system.

    • The number of degrees of freedom for a system is the


    number of kinematically independent variables necessary
    to completely describe the motion of every particle in the
    system
    DOF=1 DOF=2
    Single degree of freedom (SDOF) Multi degree of freedom (MDOF)
    Equivalent model of systems
    Example 1: Example 2:

    SDOF MDOF
    DOF=1 DOF=2
    Equivalent model of systems
    MDOF
    Example 3:
    DOF= 3 if body 1 has no rotation
    SDOF DOF=2 DOF= 4 if body 1 has rotation

    body 1
    What are their DOFs?
    SDOF systems
     Helical springs Shear stress:

    Stiffness coefficient:

    F: Force, D: Diameter, G: Shear modulus of the rod,


    N: Number of turns, r : Radius

     Springs in combinations:
    Parallel combination Series combination
    Elastic elements as springs
    Moment of Inertia
    What are the equivalent stiffnesses?
    Example
     A 200-kg machine is attached to the end of a cantilever beam of length L=
    2.5 m, elastic modulus E= 200x109 N/m2, and cross-sectional moment of
    inertia I = 1.8x10–6 m4. Assuming the mass of the beam is small compared to
    the mass of the machine, what is the stiffness of the beam?
    Damping
     Viscous Damping

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