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    HAZOP and Fault Tree Analysis

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    moha khb
    HAZOP is a technique used to identify hazards and operational problems in existing or planned processes. It involves systematically analyzing each part of a system to identify possible deviations from design intent. Fault Tree Analysis uses graphical models to identify all possible causes of an undesired event working from the event downwards. Both techniques help identify risks and areas for improvement. HAZOP provides a structured examination while Fault Tree Analysis allows quantification of probabilities.

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    HAZOP and Fault Tree Analysis

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    moha khb
    964 views17 pages
    HAZOP is a technique used to identify hazards and operational problems in existing or planned processes. It involves systematically analyzing each part of a system to identify possible deviations from design intent. Fault Tree Analysis uses graphical models to identify all possible causes of an undesired event working from the event downwards. Both techniques help identify risks and areas for improvement. HAZOP provides a structured examination while Fault Tree Analysis allows quantification of probabilities.

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    HAZOP and Fault Tree Analysis

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    HAZOP is a technique used to identify hazards and operational problems in existing or planned processes. It involves systematically analyzing each part of a system to identify possible deviations from design intent. Fault Tree Analysis uses graphical models to identify all possible causes of an undesired event working from the event downwards. Both techniques help identify risks and areas for improvement. HAZOP provides a structured examination while Fault Tree Analysis allows quantification of probabilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    964 views17 pages

    HAZOP and Fault Tree Analysis

    Uploaded by

    moha khb
    HAZOP is a technique used to identify hazards and operational problems in existing or planned processes. It involves systematically analyzing each part of a system to identify possible deviations from design intent. Fault Tree Analysis uses graphical models to identify all possible causes of an undesired event working from the event downwards. Both techniques help identify risks and areas for improvement. HAZOP provides a structured examination while Fault Tree Analysis allows quantification of probabilities.

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    of 17

    HAZOP AND FAULT TREE

    ANALYSIS
    HAZOP ET ARBRES DE DÉFAILLANCE
    INTRODUCTION

    • A procedure HAZOP is an examination of an existing or planned


    operation (work) procedure to identify hazards and causes for
    operational problems, quality problems, and delays.
    • The HAZOP technique was initially developed to analyze chemical process
    systems, but has later been extended to other types of systems and also to
    complex operations and to software systems.
    DEFINITIONS:
    HAZOP (HAZARD AND OPERABILITY):
    • A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study is a structured and systemati
    examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify
    and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or
    prevent efficient operation

    HAZARD
    • Potential source of harm. Deviations from design or operational intent may
    constitute or produce a hazard. Hazards are the focus of HAZOP studies, and
    it should be noted that a single hazard could potentially lead to multiple
    forms of harm.
    HARM
    • Physical injury or damage to the health of people or damage to property or
    the environment. Harm is the consequence of a hazard occurring and may
    take many forms.

    RISK
    • Combination of probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that
    harm. In a strict sense, “risk” is not always explicitly identified in HAZOP
    studies since the core methodology does not require identification (also
    referred to as rating) of the probability or severity of harm. However, risk
    assessment teams may choose to rate these factors in order to further quantify
    and prioritize risks if needed
    TYPES OF HAZOP
    Process HAZOP
    • The HAZOP technique was originally developed to assess plants and process systems
    Human HAZOP
    • A specialized HAZOP. More focused on human errors than technical failures
    Procedure HAZOP
    • Review of procedures or operational sequences Sometimes denoted SAFOP - Safe
    Operation Study
    Software HAZOP
    • Identification of possible errors in the development of software.
    HAZOP METHODOLOGY
    • The HAZOP study should preferably be carried out as early in the design phase as possible - to
    have influence on the design. On the other hand; to carry out a HAZOP we need a rather
    complete
    design. As a compromise, the HAZOP is usually carried out as a final check when the detailed
    design has been completed.
    •• Define scope and objectives
    •• Define responsibilities
    Definition •• Select Team
    Phase
    •• Plan the study
    •• Collect data
    •• Agree style of recording
    Preparation •• Estimate the time
    Phase
    •• Arrange a schedule
    •• Divide the system into parts
    •• Select a part and define design intent
    •• Identify deviation by using guide words on each element
    •• Identify consequences and causes
    •• Identify whether a significant problem exists
    Examination
    Phase •• Identify protection, detection, and indicating mechanisms
    •• Identify possible remedial/mitigating measures (optional)
    •• Agree actions
    •• Repeat for each element and then each part
    •• Record the examination
    •• Sign off the documentation
    •• Produce the report of the study
    Documentation •• Follow up that actions are implemented
    and follow-up •• Re-study any parts of system if necessary
    •• Produce final output report
    HAZOP RESULTS

    • Improvement of system or operations


    • Reduced risk and better contingency
    • More efficient operations
    • Improvement of procedures
    • Logical order
    • Completeness
    • General awareness among involved parties
    • Team building
    ADVANTAGES:

    • Helpful when confronting hazards that are difficult to quantify


    • Hazards rooted in human performance and behaviors
    • Hazards that are difficult to detect, analyze, isolate, count, predict, etc.
    • Methodology doesn’t force you to explicitly rate or measure deviation probability of
    occurrence, severity of impact, or ability to detect

    • Built-in brainstorming methodology


    • Systematic & comprehensive methodology
    • More simple and intuitive than other commonly used risk management tools
    DISADVANTAGES:
    • No means to assess hazards involving interactions between different parts of a
    system or process
    • No risk ranking or prioritization capability
    • Teams may optionally build-in such capability as required
    • No means to assess effectiveness of existing or proposed controls (safeguards)
    • May need to interface HAZOP with other risk management tools (ex: HACCP) for this purpose.
    • Time consuming
    • Focusing too much on solutions
    • Team members allowed to divert into endless discussions of details
    FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

    • Graphical representation of the logical structure displaying the relationship


    between an undesired potential event (top event) and all its probable causes
    • top-down approach to failure analysis
    • starting with a potential undesirable event - top event
    • determining all the ways in which it can occur
    • mitigation measures can be developed to minimize the probability of the undesired event
    FAULT TREE DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURE

    • Identify distinct causes for an event.


    • Replace an abstract event by a less abstract event.
    • Classify an event into more elementary events.
    • Find co-operative causes for an event.
    • Pinpoint a component failure event.
    FAULT TREE CONSTRUCTION
    FAULT TREE ANALYSIS RESULTS

    • Quantifying probability of top event occurrence


    • Evaluating proposed system architecture attributes
    • Assessing design modifications and identify areas requiring attention
    • Complying with qualitative and quantitative safety/reliability objectives
    • Qualitatively illustrate failure condition classification of a top-level event
    • Establishing maintenance tasks and intervals from safety/reliability
    assessments
    ADVANTAGES
    • Quantitative - defines probabilities to each event which can be used to
    calculate the probability of the top event
    • Easy to read and understand
    DISADVANTAGES
    • Need to have identified the top event first
    • More difficult than other techniques to document
    • Complex and time consuming
    • Quantitative data needed to perform properly
    CONCLUSION

    • A Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a well-known risk analysis


    technique. It can be applied in any industry, but is most widely used in the
    chemical, processing and energy industries…One of the major benefits that
    can be used to help justify the cost and time investment is that it also helps to
    avoid operating problems and can thus provide a clear return on the
    investment beyond the reduction in hazards.
    THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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