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Electric DC Motors and AC Generators

Electric motors and generators work using Faraday's law of induction. They have three basic components: a rotating shaft, a circuit loop attached to the shaft, and a magnetic field going from N to S on the sides of the circuit loop. DC motors produce rotation when a current is provided to the loop. Generators produce a current when rotation is provided to the shaft. Maxwell's equations describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields.

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Sasanga Hewagama
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58 views6 pages

Electric DC Motors and AC Generators

Electric motors and generators work using Faraday's law of induction. They have three basic components: a rotating shaft, a circuit loop attached to the shaft, and a magnetic field going from N to S on the sides of the circuit loop. DC motors produce rotation when a current is provided to the loop. Generators produce a current when rotation is provided to the shaft. Maxwell's equations describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields.

Uploaded by

Sasanga Hewagama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 212 – Lecture 20:

Generators, Motors, and Maxwell’s Equations


•Electric DC Motors and AC Generators
•Faraday’s law can be used to explain how electric motors and generators work.
•Electric DC motors and AC generators have three basic components
•a rotating shaft
•a circuit loop attached to the shaft
•a magnetic field going from N to S on the sides of the circuit loop

•DC MOTORS: CURRENT PROVIDED to loop, RESULT IS ROTATION


•GENERATORS: ROTATION PROVIDED to shaft, RESULT IS CURRENT

1
Motor and Generator Equations
Flux through current loop:  B  BA cos

Flux is function of time:  B  BA cost 

d B d cost 
Induced voltage:   N
dt
  NAB
dt
 NAB sin t   

Diagram:

2
Some Basic Questions
1. How do you keep the DC motor turning?

2. Why are most generators AC?

3. How does an alternator fit into these concepts?

3
Maxwell’s Equations
Gauss’ Law: q
 E  dA   0

Gauss’ Law in magnetism:


 B  dA 0
 d B
Faraday’s Law:  E  ds  dt
d E
Ampere-Maxwell Law:
 B  ds 0 I   0 0 dt

Lorentz Force Law – add up electric and magnetic forces


F  qE  qv  B 4
Example: Ch 31 #36
Automobile alternator has N=250 and
flux=2.5x10^-4Wbcos(wt). Alternator
rotates 3x for each engine revolution. If
engine at 1000rpm, for alternator find
(a) EMF as function of t (b) EMF max.

5
Example: Ch 31 #44
Electron in uniform magnetic and
electric fields of
E = 2.5i +5j V/m and
B = 0.4k T.
Find acceleration of electron if it has
v = 10i m/s.

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