Influence Lines
Influence Lines
In the literature, researchers have defined influence line in many ways. Some
of the definitions of influence line are given below.
• An influence line is a curve the ordinate to which at any point equals the
value of some particular function due to unit load acting at that point.
1.determine the position of the load to cause maximum response in the function.
2.calculate the maximum value of the function.
INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAMS
A curve or graph that represents a function like a reaction at a support, the
shear force at a section, the bending moment at a section of a structure for
various positions of unit load on the span of the structure is called Influence Line
diagram (ILD) for the function represented.
Loads are classified into 4 types. iii. Moving Loads or Rolling Loads
i. Dead Loads a) Movement of Vehicles
a) Self weight of the beam iv. Stress resultants
b) Weight of the slab a) Reactions of the support
c) Finishing Loads b) Shear
ii. Live Loads c) Bending
a) Weight of a person d) Torsion
b) Furniture etc.
Sign Conventions
Sign convention followed for shear and moment is given below
Moment (M)
M M
Positive for the following case
Influence Line Equations
Influence line can be constructed by deriving a general mathematical equation
to compute parameters (e.g. reaction, shear or moment) at a specific point
under the effect of moving load at a variable position x.
The above discussed both approaches are demonstrated with the help of
simple numerical examples in the following paragraphs.
Properties of Influence Lines
Function = P x h
2. Value of the function due to multiple concentrated loads
Function= w×Area
4. Value of the function for any type of load
Influence Lines for Beams
A downward concentrated load of magnitude 1 unit moves from A to B across
the simply supported beam AB as shown below.
when the unit load is at a distance x from support A. Since the value of the above
functions will vary according to the location of the unit load, the best way to represent
these functions is by influence diagram.
Influence Line by Equilibrium Method
Influence Line for the reaction at A
Influence Line of Simply Supported Beam with
Overhang
The ordinate of influence line at the overhang can be found
by ratio and proportion of triangle.
Influence Lines for Trusses
Example
For the Pratt truss shown below, draw the influence diagram for members JK, DK,
and DE.
Definitions of influence line
In the literature, researchers have defined influence line in many ways. Some
of the definitions of influence line are given below.
• An influence line is a curve the ordinate to which at any point equals the
value of some particular function due to unit load acting at that point.
80 kg
Construction of Influence Lines
Construction of Influence
Lines
Apply a unit load at different locations along the member, say at x. And these
locations, apply statics to compute the value of parameter (reaction, shear,
or moment) at the specified point. The best way to use this approach is to
prepare a table, listing unit load at x versus the corresponding value of the
parameter calculated at the specific point (i.e. Reaction R, Shear V or
moment M) and plot the tabulated values so that influence line segments can
be constructed.
Sign Conventions
Sign convention followed for shear and moment is given below
Moment (M)
M M
Positive for the following case
Influence Line Equations
Influence line can be constructed by deriving a general mathematical equation
to compute parameters (e.g. reaction, shear or moment) at a specific point
under the effect of moving load at a variable position x.
The above discussed both approaches are demonstrated with the help of
simple numerical examples in the following paragraphs.
Example 1
Construct the influence line for the reaction at support B for the beam of
span 10 m. The beam structure is shown in Figure
Solution:
Tabulate values:
As shown in the figure, a unit load is places at distance x from support
A and the reaction value RB is calculated by taking moment with
reference to support A. Let us say, if the load is placed at 2.5 m. from
support A then the reaction RB can be calculated as follows
Similarly, the load can be placed at 5.0, 7.5 and 10 m. away from support A
and reaction RB can be computed and tabulated as given below.
Graphical representation of influence line for RB is
shown in Figure