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    Ballistics in Penetrating Trauma: CDR John Wei, Usn MC MD 4 Medical Battallion, 4 MLG BSRF-12

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    Aprilihardini Laksmi
    This document discusses penetrating trauma from gunshot wounds, stabbings, and explosions. It covers the basics of ballistics, expected wound types from different firearms and shotguns. Gunshot wounds can cause both permanent cavitation from tissue destruction and temporary cavitation from blast effects. Larger caliber high velocity bullets create greater tissue damage. Explosive blast injuries involve primary, secondary and tertiary wounding. Understanding wound ballistics aids in surgical planning and treatment for these penetrating traumas.

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    Ballistics in Penetrating Trauma: CDR John Wei, Usn MC MD 4 Medical Battallion, 4 MLG BSRF-12

    Uploaded by

    Aprilihardini Laksmi
    21 views33 pages
    This document discusses penetrating trauma from gunshot wounds, stabbings, and explosions. It covers the basics of ballistics, expected wound types from different firearms and shotguns. Gunshot wounds can cause both permanent cavitation from tissue destruction and temporary cavitation from blast effects. Larger caliber high velocity bullets create greater tissue damage. Explosive blast injuries involve primary, secondary and tertiary wounding. Understanding wound ballistics aids in surgical planning and treatment for these penetrating traumas.

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    ballisticsofpenetratinginjuriesaaa2.ppt

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    This document discusses penetrating trauma from gunshot wounds, stabbings, and explosions. It covers the basics of ballistics, expected wound types from different firearms and shotguns. Gunshot wounds can cause both permanent cavitation from tissue destruction and temporary cavitation from blast effects. Larger caliber high velocity bullets create greater tissue damage. Explosive blast injuries involve primary, secondary and tertiary wounding. Understanding wound ballistics aids in surgical planning and treatment for these penetrating traumas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views33 pages

    Ballistics in Penetrating Trauma: CDR John Wei, Usn MC MD 4 Medical Battallion, 4 MLG BSRF-12

    Uploaded by

    Aprilihardini Laksmi
    This document discusses penetrating trauma from gunshot wounds, stabbings, and explosions. It covers the basics of ballistics, expected wound types from different firearms and shotguns. Gunshot wounds can cause both permanent cavitation from tissue destruction and temporary cavitation from blast effects. Larger caliber high velocity bullets create greater tissue damage. Explosive blast injuries involve primary, secondary and tertiary wounding. Understanding wound ballistics aids in surgical planning and treatment for these penetrating traumas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    BALLISTICS IN

    PENETRATING TRAUMA

    CDR JOHN WEI, USN MC MD


    4th Medical Battallion, 4th MLG
    BSRF-12
    OBJECTIVES
    • Types of penetrating trauma
    • Commonly encountered injuries
    • Basic ballistics
    • Expected wounds, operative planning,
    and treatment
    TYPES OF PENETRATING TRAUMA
     GSW
    • Rifle
    • Pistol
    • Shot gun
     Stab
     Blast
    MECHANISM OF INJURY
     Body and tissue trauma associated
    with cause of wounding
     ~500,000 gsw/year in USA
     Risk of death and functional deficit
     Surgical planning and treatment of
    wound
    DEFINITIONS
     Ballistics
    • The science of mechanics that deal with the flight, behavior,
    and effects of projectiles

     Internal ballistics
    • The study of processes originally accelerating the projectile

     External ballistics
    • The study of the projectile as it passes through space

     Terminal ballistics
    • The study of the interaction of the projectile with its target
    INTERNAL BALLISTICS
    DEFINITIONS
    Muzzle velocity
    Velocity of the round as it leaves the barrel end
    Kinetic energy (J) = 1/2 mass(kg) x velocity(m/sec)2
    - 1 ft-lb= 1.3558 J, 1 grain=0.0648 grams
    -High velocity (rifle) vs. Low velocity (pistol)
    Permanent vs temporary cavity
    Ballistic coefficient- friction/drag of air against projectile
    -based on shape and weight of projectile
    Caliber- bullet diameter in inches (ie .22, .45)
    Gauge- diameter of shotgun barrel (ie 12 ga.)
    WOUND BALLISTICS

    • Ballistic wound research in gelatin forms


    • Yawing and cavitation do not cause as
    severe tissue trauma as fragmentation
    • Temporary stretch cavitation in which
    tissue is pushed by the shock wave
    following the projectile
    GUN SHOT WOUNDS
     Type of weapon / bullet used
     Distance from weapon
     Location and trajectory/path of injury
     Permanent vs temporary cavity
    ENERGY OF DIFFERENT
    CALIBER PROJECTILES
    .22 170J (m = 36g, v = 350 m/sec)
    .223 1550J (m = 50g, v = 900 m/sec)
    .38 325J (m =120g, v = 300 m/sec)
    7.62 3500J (m=165g, v=850 m/sec)
    PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY
    CAVITATION
     Permanent: tissue crush and excavation
     Temporary: blast effect due to tissue
    stretch
    MAXIMAL TEMPORARY CAVITY
    DIAMETERS

    • .22 (170J) 4.0 -5.0 cm


    • .38 (325J) 4.0 -8.3 cm
    • .223 (1550J) 13.0 -14.0 cm
    • 7.62mm (3500J) 17.0 -23.0 cm
    BALLISTIC GEL CAVITATION
    BULLET TYPES
     Full metal jacket
     Lead
     Softpoint, semi jacketed
     Hollow point, ballistic tips
    BULLET FRAGMENTATION
     Increased tissue destruction
    compared to temporary cavity
     Hague convention of 1899
     Restrictions on use of
    expanding/fragmenting bullets
    COMMON BULLETS
    • .22 caliber
    • Hand pistol
    • Cheap and readily available
    • Low energy, lead bullet
    • Tumble tissue kinetics
    .22 BULLET WOUND
    COMMON BULLETS
    • .38 caliber
    • Pistol
    • Low velocity
    .38 BULLET WOUND
    COMMON BULLETS
    • 7.62 x 39
    • AK-47, military use
    • High velocity
    • Increased injury and tissue damage
    COMMON BULLETS
    • 30-06
    • Rifle
    • Common hunting round
    • Fragmenting bullets
    • Old military use
    SHOTGUN
     “bird shot”
    • Multiple low energy spreading pellets,
    short range effect
     “buck shot”
    • Fewer larger pellets
     Slug
    • Single projectile, longer effective range
    SHOTGUN BALLISTICS
    SHOTGUN WOUND
    KNIFE TRAUMA
     Types
    • Penetrating stabbing
    • Soft tissue slash and cutting
    KNIFE TRAUMA
    • Type and length of knife
    • Identify all external injuries
    • Determine potential internal injuries
    • Patient stabilization and life support
    • Local wound exploration, x-ray imaging,
    operation if needed
    IMPALEMENT INJURIES
    •Physical exam of
    neurologic and vascular
    function

    •Radiologic studies to
    determine anatomic
    injuries and bony
    fractures

    •Removal of object in
    operating room and
    repair of damaged
    structures
    EXPLOSIVE BLAST INJURIES
    • Primary
    • Blast wave effect
    • Secondary
    • shrapnel
    • Tertiary
    • fall or landing blunt injury
    • Other
    • Burn, inhalation, smoke
    EXPLOSIVE BLAST INJURIES
    EXPLOSIVE BLAST INJURIES
    • Dominant cause of mortality and
    injury in current military actions
    • Large amount of tissue damage
    from explosive blast
    • Penetrating wounds from metal
    shell fragments, stones, human
    bones, automotive parts
    EXPLOSIVE BLAST INJURIES
    • Primary projectiles from original
    explosive device: mortar round,
    grenade, or improvised explosive
    device
    • Secondary missiles from environment
    • Penetrating wounds complicated by
    gross contamination and massive
    tissue injury
    • Ballistics and trajectories unpredictable
    EXPLOSIVE BLAST INJURIES
    CONCLUSIONS
    • Knowledge of mechanisms of
    wounding
    • Ballistics and kinetics help to diagnose
    and plan treatment of injuries
    • Associated injuries or wounding
    patterns from known mechanism
    should be looked for

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